Table 3 Examples of lipase-catalyzed reactions in DESs
From: Recent progress on deep eutectic solvents in biocatalysis
Enzyme | DES | Substrate | Product | Comments | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
iCALB, CALB, CALA and PCL | ChCl/Gly (1:2) ChCl/U (1:2) EAC/Gly (1:1.5) | Ethyl valerate with 1-butano | Butyl valerate | ChCl/Gly showed good compatibility with all the lipases | Gorke et al. (2008) |
iCALB | ChCl/U (1:2) ChOAc/Gly | Miglyol oil 812 | Triglyceride | High yield showed the potential of DES as solvent in the biodiesel synthesis | Zhao et al. (2011a) |
iCALB | ChCl/Gly (1:2) ChCl/U (1:2) | Vinyl ester and alcohols | Esters | Some HBDs could compete with the substrate | Durand et al. (2012) |
Novozyme 435 | ChCl/Gly (1:2) | Soybean oil | Biodiesel | This work expanded the substrate spectrum of biodiesel synthesis | Zhao et al. (2013) |
Novozyme 435 | ChCl/Gly (1:2) ChCl/U (1:2) | Phenolic esters | Phenolic esters | Water content in DES–water mixtures makes great difference on reaction efficiency | Durand et al. (2013) |
iCALB | ChCl/U | Phenolic esters | Phenolic esters | First investigated the effect of water activity and U content on product yields | Durand et al. (2014) |
Lipozyme CalB L Novozym 435 | ChCl/U (1:2) ChCl/GlyZ (1:1) | Oleic acid and decanol | Decyl oleate | Esters product could be easily separated from the aqueous reaction mixtures | Kleiner and Schörken (2015) |
Novozyme 435 | ChCl/U (1:2) ChCl/Glc | Glucose and vinyl hexanoate | Glucose-6-O-hexanoate | Glucose component in DESs can act as substrate | Pöhnlein et al. (2015) |
Lipozyme TLIM, Novozym 435 | ChAc/U (2:1) | Glucose with fatty acid vinyl esters; methyl glucoside with fatty acids | Sugar fatty acid esters | Utilization of combination of ILs and DESs | Zhao et al. (2016) |
CALB, Alcalase-CLEA, PPL | ChCl/Gly (1:1.5) | Aromatic aldehydes and ketones | Aldol products | First tested the lipase-catalyzed aldol reaction in DES | Gonzalez-Martinez et al. (2016) |
Lipase from Candida rugosa | ChCl/U/Gly (1:1:1) | p-Nitrophenyl palmitate | p-Nitrophenol | Glycerol-containing DESs enhance the activity and stability more than urea-based DESs. The effects of DESs on activity and stability of lipase were partially correlated with the solvatochromic parameters. For example, the stability of lipase was correlated with hydrogen bond acidity of DESs mixtures | Kim et al. (2016) |
Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B | ChCl/U (1:2) ChCl/Gly (1:2) | Rapeseed oil and cooking oil | Biodiesel | Improved the additional value of cooking oil | Kleiner et al. (2016) |
Lipozyme TLIM, Novozym 435 | ChAc/U (2:1) | Glucose with fatty acid vinyl esters; methyl glucoside with fatty acids | Glucose-based fatty acid esters | Utilization of combination of ILs and DESs | Zhao et al. (2016) |
Lipase AS | ChCl/Gly (1:2) | Aldehydes | Nitroalcohols | Addition of water could improve enzyme activity and inhibit DES-catalyzed reaction | Tian et al. (2016) |
Burkholderia cepacia lipase | ChCl/EG (1:2) | p-Nitrophenyl palmitate | p-Nitrophenol | Significantly improved enzyme activity | Juneidi et al. (2017) |
Lipase from ANL | ChCl/Gly (1:3) Burkholderia cepacia lipase | Dihydromyricetin | Dihydromyricetin-16-acetate | Enhancing substrate solubility | Cao et al. (2017) |
iCALB | ChCl/different sugars (1:1) | Fatty acid esters | Glycolipids | Sugar can serve as HBD and substrate | Siebenhaller et al. (2017) |
Lipase G | ChCl/xylitol (1:1) | Glyceryl trioleate | Epoxidized vegetable oils | DES stabilized the enzyme | Zhou et al. (2017a) |
iCALB | ChCl/Gly (1:2) | Benzoic acid and glycerol | α-Monobenzoate glycerol | Water as co-solvent enzyme remained active in high concentration of DES (92%,v/v) | Guajardo et al. (2017) |
PPL | ChCl/U (1:2) | Amines with aryl halides | N-aryl amines | DES acted as catalyst as well as solvent | Pant and Shankarling (2017) |