Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 2 Thermodynamic properties of the adsorption of metal ions and lactic acid under different operating temperatures

From: Metal ion removal using a low-cost coconut shell activated carbon bioadsorbent in the recovery of lactic acid from the fermentation broth

Chemical species	ΔH, kJ/mol	ΔS, kJ/mol K	ΔG at T (K), kJ/mol
Chemical species	ΔH, kJ/mol	ΔS, kJ/mol K	298	313	323
Metal ions	− 18.8179	− 0.0651	0.5842	1.5608	2.2119
Lactic acid	− 29.9296	− 0.1054	1.4711	3.0518	4.1055

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