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Table 1 Summarized the use of multi-enzyme complexes based on SpyTag/SpyCatcher, cohesin–dockerin and SH3–PDZ–GBD for enzyme cascade

From: Research progress of multi-enzyme complexes based on the design of scaffold protein

Scaffold protein

Location

Function

References

SpyTag/SpyCatcher

In vivo

Achieved higher sugar conversion yield

(Jia et al. 2017)

In vivo

Increased the oil synthesis

(Zhong et al. 2022a)

In vivo

Improved the catalytic efficiency

(Wang et al. 2023a, b)

Cohesin–dockerin specificity

In vitro

Improved catalytic efficiency

(You 2012)

In vitro

Increased the reaction rate of bioelectricity generation

(Meng et al. 2019)

E. coli cell surfaces

Enhanced the power density and operational stability

(Cai et al. 2022)

SH3, PDZ, GBD domain and ligand

In vivo

Increased the production of mevalonate

(Dueber et al. 2009)

In vivo

Increased the production of GBGA

(Pham et al. 2016)