Table 3 Antimicrobial activity of FBPs
FBPs | Target microorganism | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Grape pomace extract | Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus | - Exhibited anti-bacterial activity against both bacteria - Escherichia coli showed higher antibacterial activity when compared to the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus | (Saratale et al. 2020) |
Pineapple rind, Pomegranate peel, Orange peel, Avocado rind | Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL 1344 | - The pomegranate peel has strong bioactive repelling capability against pathogenic microorganisms | (Mahadwar et al. 2015) |
Orange, yellow lemon, and banana fruit peel | Gram-positive bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli Gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas hydrophila, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus casei Fungi: Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger Yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans | - Bacteria are more sensitive than all microbes - Gram-negative exhibited higher sensitivity - Bacteria were more sensitive against yellow lemon peel and had higher inhibition zone | (Saleem and Saeed 2020) |
Pomegranate peel | Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | - Pomegranate peel exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial effects having apparent inhibitory effects against the mentioned microorganisms | (Chen et al. 2020) |
Pomegranate by-product | Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus kristinae | - Antimicrobial action against Staphylococcus epidermidis was demonstrated by phloretin and coutaric acid - The antibacterial action of punigratane is the strongest against Micrococcus kristinae | (Nazeam et al. 2020) |
Pomegranate, apple, dog rose, cornelian cherry, hazelnut, white grapes, and red grapes FBP | Salmonella Enteritidis O:103, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli ATCC 35150, Escherichia coli DH5α, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 10527, Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 10527, Bacillus cereus DSM 350, Lactococcus lactis DSM 4366, Lactobacillus sakei DSMZ, Staphylococcus xylosus | - The antimicrobial activity against twelve foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms was evaluated - Pomegranate and apple peels showed the highest inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas fluorescens | (Agourram et al. 2013) |
Raspberry, blackcurrant, apple, and rowanberry by-products | Leuconostoc mesenteroides LUHS225, Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS122, Enteroccocus pseudoavium LUHS242, Lactobacillus casei LUHS210, Lactobacillus curvatus LUHS51, Lactobacillus farraginis LUHS206, Pediococcus pentosaceus LUHS183, Pediococcus acidilactici LUHS29, Lactobacillus paracasei LUHS244, Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS135, Lactobacillus coryniformis LUHS71, Lactobacillus brevis LUHS173 and Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245) | - Broadest spectrum of pathogenic bacteria inhibition was shown by blackcurrant and apple by-products - The strongest inhibition of the tested pathogens was shown by the Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245 and Lactobacillus casei LUHS210 | (Bartkiene et al. 2019) |
Sweet cherry processing by-products | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 6538P), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and Candida albicans (ATCC 29212) | - Free phenolic fractions of stalk exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms except for Escherichia coli | (Yüksekkaya et al. 2021) |