Potential use of Ulva intestinalis-derived biochar adsorbing phosphate ions in the cultivation of winter wheat Tristicum aestivum

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 10 Pot experiments for seaweed and seaweed-derived biochars used as soil additives

Group	Plant fresh weight	Plant length	Chlorophyll (SPAD)	Leaf surface area	pH of soil
Group	Mean ± SD** (g)	Median* (cm)	Mean ± SD** (–)	Median* (cm²)	Mean ± SD (–)
C	0.987 ± 0.094^a	15.5^a	40.8 ± 1.9^a,b	3.06^a	6.03 ± 0.08
S	1.40 ± 0.04^a,b,c	16.9^a,b	39.4 ± 1.5^a,c	3.53^a,b,c	6.14 ± 0.09
B700 + P	1.04 ± 0.11^b	16.1^c	39.1 ± 2.1^b,d	3.05^b	6.78 ± 0.08
B700MgCl₂ + P	1.14 ± 0.04^c	15.5^b,c	40.7 ± 1.5^c,d	2.94^c	8.95 ± 0.08

C control sample; ^*Kruskal-Wallis test; ^** Tukey multiple comparison test; ^a,b,c Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05)