Table 2 The improvement of GABA production by different strategies

Genetic engineering

Lactobacillus brevis NRA6

4.5

37

48

72.75 g/L MSG

43.65 g/L

1.70 g/L/h

Lyu et al. (2017)

L. lactis NZ9000/pNZ8148-gadBC

6.2

30

36

60 g/L L-MSG

25.61 g/L

0.7114 g/L/h

Lyu et al. (2020)

Lactobacillus sakei B2-16

6.0

30

48

7% food-grade MSG

265.3 mM

0.57 g/L/h

Kook et al. (2010)

C. glutamicum ATCC13032

6.5

30

72

10 g/L by feeding 500 g/L glycerol

45.6 g/L

0.633 g/L/h

Wei et al. (2022)

Two-stage fermentation

C. tyrobutyricum ATCC25755

4.5

37

60–84

588.52 g/L L-Glu and 90 g/L and 120 g/L glucose

400.32 g/L

36.39 g/L/h

Liu et al. (2023)

L. plantarum KCTC 3103

6.0

30

60

Rice bran, ascorbic acid, MSG

0.67 g/L

0.0112 g/L/h

Kim et al. (2021)

Lactobacillus brevis CGMCC 1306

5.0

35

72

20 g L-MSG

94.7394 g/L

1.316 g/L/h

Chunlong et al. (2013)

Co-culture fermentation

Lactobacillus brevis NPS-QW

4.5–6.4

37

48

1.5–2.0 g/L MSG

0.9 g/L

0.01875 g/L/h

Xiao and Shah (2021)

Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051

8.0

30

120

5 g/L sodium l-glutamate

19.74 g/L

0.1645 g/L/h

Wang et al. (2019)

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnonus or Lacticaseibacillus paracasei

4.0–5.0

40

48

249.31 mg L⁻¹ MSG

185.81 ± 24.0 and 319.72 ± 27.15 mg L⁻¹

0.00387 g/L/h and 0.00666 g/L/h

Galli et al. (2022)

Fed batch fermentation

Corynebacterium glutamicum XW6-16

7.0

30

72

Glucose

77.6 g/L

1.21 g/L/h

Wen and Bao (2021)

L. futsaii CS3

5.0

37

72

3.47% (w/v) cane sugar, 3.84% (w/v) tuna condensate and 10.77% (w/v) MSG

23.01 g/L

0.3196 g/L/h

Thongruck and Maneerat (2023)

C. glutamicum CGY705

5.2–5.3

30

78

L-Glu, 0 ± 5 g/L Glucose

33.17 g/L

0.4252 g/L/h

Yao et al. (2023)

Enhancement of nutrition (carbohydrate fermentation)

Lactobacillus brevis CRL 2013

4–7.25

30

72

Xylose, ribose, glucose, galactose, MSG

27.33 g/L

0.380 g/L/h

Cataldo et al. (2020)

Lactobacillus plantarum HU-C2W

4.90

37

40

Litchi juice

1.34 g/L

0.0335 g/L/h

Wang et al. (2021)

Kluyveromyces marxianus C21

4.0

35

60

Okara, MSG, peptone

4.31 g/L

0.072 g/L/h

Zhang et al. (2022)