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Table 2 Fermentation performance under various operation modes with corn and cassava substrates

From: Metabolic flux and transcriptional analysis elucidate higher butanol/acetone ratio feature in ABE extractive fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum using cassava substrate

Fermentation characteristics

Substrate

Corn

Cassava

Cassava + Neutral red

Number of experiments

2

2

2

Fermentation time (h)

100

100

100

Total butanol (g/L)

33.26 ± 2.61

37.48 ± 3.11

42.60 ± 2.02

Total acetone (g/L)

18.98 ± 1.39

13.06 ± 0.93

14.59 ± 0.60

Butanol/acetone ratio (−)

1.75 ± 0.01

2.87 ± 0.03

2.92 ± 0.02

Acetate (g/L)

   

 Max.

3.20 ± 0.60

2.94 ± 0.27

2.80 ± 0.03

 Final

1.40 ± 0.22

1.24 ± 0.34

1.60 ± 0.08

Butyrate (g/L)

   

 Max.

2.58 ± 0.34

1.27 ± 0.16

1.44 ± 0.28

 Final

0.39 ± 0.06

0.41 ± 0.12

0.51 ± 0.15

Gas production (L/L-broth)

80.00 ± 6.13

72.37 ± 5.37

64.86 ± 0.11

Butanol productivity (g/L/h)

0.33 ± 0.02

0.37 ± 0.03

0.42 ± 0.02