Bioreductive preparation of ACE inhibitors precursor (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoate esters: Recent advances and future perspectives

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 2 Enzymatic properties of oxidoreductases for producing ( R )-HPB derivatives

Enzyme	Source strain	Accession no	Discovery strategy	Length [aa]	Cofactor	Family ^a	Specific activity [U mg ⁻¹ ]	K _m [mM]	V _max [U mg ⁻¹ ]	Opt. temp. [°C] ^b	Sub. loading [g L ⁻¹ ]	Time	ee	TTN ^c	STY	Reference
Enzyme	Source strain	Accession no	Discovery strategy	Length [aa]	Cofactor	Family ^a	Specific activity [U mg ⁻¹ ]	K _m [mM]	V _max [U mg ⁻¹ ]	Opt. temp. [°C] ^b	Sub. loading [g L ⁻¹ ]	[h]	[%]		[g L ⁻¹ d ⁻¹ ] ^d	Reference
Ypr1p	S. cerevisae	AHY75323.1	Genome hunting	312	NADPH	AKR	nd ^e	nd	nd	nd	2.0	nd	87	nd	nd	[54]
IolS	B. subtilis	CAB16014.1	Database mining	310	NADPH	AKR	5.1	2.61	4.18	30	330	12	>99	32039	660	[57]
CgKR2	C. glabrata	CAG61069.1	Database mining	311	NADPH	AKR	2.4	0.1	18.5	45	206	6	99	nc ^f	700	[59]
NcCR	Neurospora crassa	XM_954278	Genome hunting	331	NADPH	AKR	1.6	nd	nd	40	2.0	24	80	20	2	[56]
CgKR1	C. glabrata	CAG58832.1	Database mining	352	NADPH	MDR	23.1	nd	nd	nd	412	24	98.1	nc ^f	358	[58]
YOL151w	S. cerevisiae	CAA99172.1	Genome hunting	342	NADPH	MDR	nd	nd	nd	nd	1	48	99	10	0.5	[55]
PpADH	Paracoccus pantotrophus DSM 11072	EU427522	Shotgun library	262	NADH	SDR	0.0043	nd	nd	nd	5	24	99	24.3	5	[53]
PAR	Rhodococcus sp. ST-10	AB190261	Purification	348	NADH	MDR	nd	nd	nd	nd	195	24	99	947	174	[52]
YiaE	E. coli K12	BAE77742.1	Genome hunting	324	NADPH	HAD	18	7.2	24.6	45	20	24	99	nc ^f	20	[60]

^aEnzyme families, AKR aldo-keto reductase, HAD 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase, SDR short chain dehydrogenase/reductase, MDR medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase. ^bOptimal temperature. ^dtotal turnover number of cofactor. ^dspace-time yield. ^end, not determined. ^fnot calculated because no cofactor was added.