Table 3 Isotherm models used for the study of the biosorption of Cu2+ on Oxalic acid modified and raw Saccharum officinarum biomas
Isotherm name | Isotherm model | Parameters |
|---|---|---|
Langmuir | \(Q_{e} = \frac{{Q_{{{\text{max}}}} bC_{e} }}{{1 + bC_{e} }}\) | Q max and b |
Freudlinch | \(Q_{e} = K_{F} C^{1/n}\) | KF and n |
Temkin | \(Q_{e} = \frac{RT}{{B_{T} }}\ln (A_{T} C_{e} )\) | Â |
Dubinin–Radushkevich | \(Q_{e} = Q_{s} Exp\left( { - \frac{{\left( {RT\ln \left( {1 + \frac{1}{{C_{e} }}} \right)} \right)}}{{2E^{2} }}^{2} } \right)\) | Q s and E |
Redlich–Peterson | \(Q_{e} = \frac{{Q_{o} C_{e} }}{{(1 + K_{R} C_{e}^{g} )}}\) | Q o , K R and g |
Sip | \(Q_{e} = \frac{{Q_{s} (K_{s} C_{e} )^{{\beta_{s} }} }}{{(1 + (K_{s} C_{e} )^{{\beta_{s} }} )}}\) | Q s, K s and β s |
Hill | \(Q_{e} = \frac{{Q_{H} C_{e}^{{n_{H} }} }}{{(K_{H} + C_{e}^{{n_{H} }} )}}\) | Q H , K H and n H |
Toth | \(Q_{e} = \frac{{Q_{T} C_{e} }}{{(K_{T} + C_{e} )^{1/t} }}\) | Q T, K T and t |