Table 5 Treatments applied to wastewater from biodiesel washing process
From: Conversion of residues and by-products from the biodiesel industry into value-added products
Pretreatment | Treatment | Initial COD (g/L) | COD removal (%) | Initial G&O (g/L) | G&O removal (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dilution | Anaerobic process | 14.8 | 100 | 15.1 | 98 | (Suehara et al. 2005) |
Acidification | Anaerobic process | 56.4 | 99 | 3.3 | 84 | (Phukingngam et al. 2011) |
Acidification and electrocoagulation | Dissolved air flotation | 150 | 90 | 15 | 90 | (Rattanapan et al. 2011) |
Electrocoagulation | 30 | 55 | 6 | 97 | (Chavalparit and Ongwandee 2009) | |
Acid protonation | Chemical coagulation | 312 | 99.6 | 4.2 | 97 | (Ngamlerdpokin et al. 2011) |
Acid protonation | Electrocoagulation | 312 | 97.5 | 4.2 | 98.2 | (Ngamlerdpokin et al. 2011) |
Acidification, electrocoagulation | Anaerobic process | 300 | 100 | – | – | (Siles et al. 2010) |
Acid protonation | Electrochemical coagulation | 588 | 100 | 22 | 100 | (Jaruwat et al. 2010) |
Electrospun polystyrene membrane | 445 | 75 | – | – | (Shirazi et al. 2013) | |
Acidification | Chitosan flakes adsorption | 0.015, 0.71–0.73, 0.12 | 90 | 0.68–1.19 | 67 | (Pitakpoolsil and Hunsom 2013) |
Acidification | Chitosan flakes adsorption | 0.021, 0.24–31, 0.3 | 97.6 | 0.680–1.130 | 95.8 | (Pitakpoolsil and Hunsom 2014) |