Fig. 5

Algae-environment biplot from canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) summarizing differences in chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid of different treatments (PC1–PC6, CK1, CK2) and environmental variables (i.e., pH, temperature, NH₄ ⁺, turbidity, and bacterial diversity). PC1 (pH 4, 20 °C), PC2 (pH 4, 25 °C), PC3 (pH 6, 20 °C), PC4 (pH 6, 25 °C), PC5 (pH 8, 20 °C), PC6 (pH 4, 25 °C). CK1 (20 °C), and CK2 (25 °C) are controls