From: Food waste: a potential bioresource for extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds
S. no. | Source | Residue | Bioactive components | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fruits | ||||
1. | Â Apple | Peel and pomace | Epicatechin, catechins, anthocyanins, quercitin glycosides, chlorogenic acid, hydroxycinnamates, phloretin glycosides, procyanidins | |
2. | Â Avocado | Peel and seeds | Epicatechin, catechin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, cyanidin 3-glucoside, homogentisic acid | Deng et al. (2012) |
3. |  Banana | Peel | Gallocatechin, anthocyanins, delphindin, cyaniding, catecholamine | Someya et al. (2002), Kanazawa and Sakakibara (2000), González-Montelongo et al. (2010) |
4. | Â Citrus fruits | Peel | Hesperidin, naringin, eriocitrin, narirutin | Coll et al. (1998) |
5. | Â Grapes | Seed and skin | Coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, neochlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid, proanthocyanidins, quercetin 3-o-gluuronide, quercetin, resvaratrol | |
6. | Â Guava | Skin and seeds | Catechin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, galangin, gallic acid, homogentisic acid, kaempferol | Deng et al. (2012) |
7. | Â Litchi | Pericarp, seeds | Cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutonoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, gallic acid, epicatechin-3-gallate | |
8. | Â Mango | Kernel | Gallic acid, ellagic acid, gallates, gallotannins, condensed tannins | |
9. | Â Palm | By-products of palm oil milling | Tocopherols, tocotrienols, sterols, and squalene, phenolic antioxidants | |
10. | Â Pomegranate | Peel and pericarp | Gallic acid, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-diglucoside, delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside | |
Vegetables | ||||
11. | Â Carrot | Peel | Phenols, beta-carotene | Chantaro et al. (2008) |
12. | Â Cucumber | Peel | Chlorophyll, pheophytin, phellandrene, caryophyllene | Zeyada et al. (2008) |
13. | Â Potato | Peel | Gallicacid, caffeic acid vanillic acid | Zeyada et al. (2008) |
14. | Â Tomato | Skin and pomace | Carotenoids | Strati and Oreopoulou (2011) |
Cereal crops | ||||
15. |  Barley | Bran | β-Glucan | Sainvitu et al. (2012) |
16. |  Rice | bran | γ-Oryzanol, bran oil | |
17. | Â Wheat | Bran and germs | Phenolic acids, antioxidants | Wang et al. (2008) |