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Table 2 Tolerance improved strains obtained by forward genetics approaches
| Parental strain | Technique(s) | Mutant(s) | Improved phenotype | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZM4 | ALE | ZMF3-3 | Cell growth, glucose utilization, and ethanol yield under 3 g/L furfural | Shui et al. (2015) |
| ZM4 | ALE | ZMA7-2 | Cell growth and glucose utilization under 7 g/L acetic acid | Shui et al. (2015) |
| 8b | ALE | #7 | Sugars utilization and ethanol production in corn stover liquor | Mohagheghi et al. (2014) |
| 8b | ALE | SS3 | Xylose utilization and ethanol yields using corn stover hydrolysate | Mohagheghi et al. (2015) |
| ZM4 | NTG mutagenesis | ZM482 | Molasses utilization and ethanol productivity | Rogers et al. (1984) |
| ZM4 | NTG mutagenesis | AcR | Ethanol productivity and rate under 20 g/L sodium acetate | Joachimsthal et al. (1998) |
| ZM4 | NTG mutagenesis | ZM401 | Cell growth, glucose utilization, and ethanol production under 10.5 g/L acetic acid or 1.0 g/L vanillin | Lee et al. (1982); Zhao et al. (2014) |
| ZM4 | Transposon mutagenesis | ZMT2 | Sugar conversion rate to ethanol under 2% NaCl stress | Wang et al. (2016) |
| ZM4 | NTG mutagenesis and ALE | ZMNTG6014 | Performance under acetic acid (1.4 or 1.6%) | Wang (2008) |
| ZM481 | NTG mutagenesis and ALE | ZMA-142, ZMA-167 | Glucose utilization and ethanol production under 244 mM sodium acetate | Liu et al. (2017) |
| 33C | Transposon mutagenesis and ALE | OEL19, 22, 23, 26, 31 | Cell growth under 2-4 g/L furfural | Yang et al. (2014b) |
| ZM4 | gTME (error-prone PCR) | MF1, 2, 3 | Glucose utilization under 3 g/L furfural | Tan et al. (2015) |
