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Table 3 Energy requirement to separate acetone–butanol–ethanol from fermentation broth using different recovery techniques [Refs. (Abdehagh et al. 2013; Huang et al. 2014; Raganati et al. 2018]

From: Agricultural byproducts-based biosorbents for purification of bioalcohols: a review

Recovery process

Butanol concentration jump (wt%)

Energy consumption (MJ/kgbutanol)

Hybrid process gas stripping/distillation

From 0.78 to pure

21

Gas stripping/pervaporation/distillation hybrid process

From 1 to > 99.5

23

Extraction/distillation

From 2.2 to 92

4–6

Pervaporation/distillation

From 1 to pure

4

Adsorption/drying/desorption

From 2 to 98

3.4

Liquid–liquid extraction

From 1.8 to 99.5

6–9.9

Gas stripping/absorption/distillation

From 1.8 to 99.5

10

Distillation

From 1 to 99.99

30

Gas stripping

From 1 to 50%

20

Extraction

From initial to 75% butanol removal

13

Pervaporation

Remove 25% of butanol from the solution

8