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Table 4 List of the structural and functional properties of lignin–carbohydrate complex deacetylating esterases belonging to carbohydrate esterases CE1, CE15 classes

From: Structural and functional properties of pectin and lignin–carbohydrate complexes de-esterases: a review

Strain, PDB ID, CE class

Enzyme and fold

Catalytic residues and reaction type

CATH and Pfam

Substrates and Refs

Lactobacillus johnsonii, [3PF8], CE-1

Cinnamoyl esterase

α/β hydrolases

Ser106, His225, Asp197

Serine esterase

3-Layer α/β sandwich

Rossmann fold

α/β hydrolase family

Ferulic acid, Caffeic acid and ethyl ferulate. Cinnamoyl esterase is active against short acyl chain aliphatic esters and phenolic esters (Lai et al. 2011)

Aspergillus niger, [1UWC], CE-1

Feruloyl esterase

α/β hydrolases

Ser133, His247, Asp194

Serine esterase

3-Layer α/β sandwich

Rossmann fold

Lipase class 3

Arabinoxylans (hydrolysis of feruloyl-arabinose ester bond) pectin (feruloyl-galactose ester). High substrate specificity towards esters where feruloyl group is attached to C-5 of arabinose and inactive against C-2 esters (McAuley et al. 2004)

Sporotrichum thermophile, [4G4J], CE-15

Glucuronoyl esterase, α/β hydrolases

Ser213, Glu236, His346

Serine hydrolase

3-Layer α/β sandwich

Rossmann fold

It has high specificity for hydrolyzing the ester bonds of 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid units of glucuronoxylan and alcohols of lignin (Charavgi et al. 2013)