Process | Growth | System boundaries | Functional unit | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flocculation, oil extraction, biodiesel production | Open raceway ponds Nutrient-sufficient/nitrogen deprived cultivation | Cradle-to-grave | 1Â MJ fuel | Bernard (2009) |
Flocculation, homogenization and solvent extraction, biodiesel production | Open raceway ponds | Cradle-to-grave Cradle-to-grave | 1 ton biodiesel | Stephenson et al. (2010) |
Flocculation and centrifugation, homogenization and solvent extraction, biodiesel production | Tubular-photo bioreactors | 1 ton biodiesel | ||
Filter press/centrifuge and drying, oil extraction, biodiesel production | Photo bioreactors + open ponds | Cradle-to-grave | 1000Â MJ fuel | Sander and Murthy (2010) |
Centrifuge, drying, oil extraction, biodiesel production | Bubble column Photobioreactor (bcPBR) | Cradle-to-grave | 1 kg dry biomass | Sevigné Itoiz et al. (2012) |
Wet extraction: cultivation, extraction, solvent recovery, oil separation, belt filter press, feed dryer, and biodiesel production | Open raceway ponds | Cradle-to-grave | 1Â MJ fuel | Passell et al. (2013) |
Chemical flocculation, mechanical drying/spray drying, oil extraction, biodiesel production | Open raceway ponds | Cradle-to-grave | 1Â kg biodiesel | Togarcheti et al. (2017) |