Table 6 Total energy input of Harvesting and Downstream processes
References | Total energy input (MJ/kg dry algae) | Comments |
|---|---|---|
Campbell et al. (2011) | 2.625 | Diesel tractor used in harvesting algae |
Clarens et al. (2009) | 14.79 | Harvested via flocculation and centrifugation |
Collet et al. (2011) | 5.5 | Harvested in two steps. Natural settling and centrifugation |
Jorquera et al. (2010) | 5.17 | According to Clarens et al. (2009) |
Khoo et al. (2011) | 2.73 | Air sparging-assisted coagulation flocculation (ASACF) process is used in harvesting |
Lardon et al. (2009) | 24.08 | Low N culture. Harvested via flocculation |
Lardon et al. (2009) | 23.89 | Normal N culture. Harvested via flocculation |
Liu and Ma (2009) | 3.75 | Concentration |
Razon and Tan (2011) | 35.56 | Harvesting process via thickener, microfiltration and bead mill |
Yanfen et al. (2012) | 41.13 | Harvested by sedimentation and centrifugation |
Resurreccion et al. (2012) | 44.73 | OP-FW configuration. Primary dewatering |
Resurreccion et al. (2012) | 32.44 | OP-BSW configuration. Primary dewatering |
Frank et al. (2013) | 0.23 | Harvested by bio-flocculation, dissolved-air flotation, and centrifugation. |
Bennion et al. (2015) | 12.3 | Dewatered via membrane filtration system and centrifugation. |
Jorquera et al. (2010) | 9.02 | According to Clarens et al. (2009) |
Resurreccion et al. (2012) | 32.04 | PBR-FW configuration. Primary dewatering |
Resurreccion et al. (2012) | 18.26 | PBR-BSW configuration. Primary dewatering |