Table 7 Comparison of different lipid extractions methods (Ghasemi Naghdi et al. 2016; Mercer and Armenta 2011; Mubarak et al. 2015; Sahena et al. 2009)
Extraction method | Advantages | Limitations |
|---|---|---|
Ultrasound-assisted | Reduced extraction time Great penetration of solvent into the cellular materials, low set-up costs Environmentally friendly and safe Reduced solvent consumption | High power consumption |
Microwave-assisted | High extraction efficiency Environmentally friendly and safe More economical, fast operational time Efficient on wet biomass Improved extraction yield | Poor efficiency may occur when target compounds or the solvents are non-polar, or volatile At commercial scale the cost maybe limiting |
Enzymatic disruption | Minimal damage to the lipid and hydrocarbons, promising on wet biomass Safe and environmentally friendly Easily scalable | Long cycle time Species dependent |
Supercritical carbon dioxide | Promising green technology Lipid extraction rate is fast Can be used for large-scale Production of solvent-free extract Environmentally friendly and safe Low toxicity solvents | High capital cost |
Solvent extraction | High efficiency Simple and economical | Lipid extraction rate is slow Expensive organic solvent is needed solvent recovery is energy intensive Solvents are flammable and/or toxic |