Table 2 Biological extraction methods for recovery of chitin
From: Seafood waste: a source for preparation of commercially employable chitin/chitosan materials
S. no | Source | Microorganism | Type of conditions | Outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Shrimp waste | Natural probiotic | 72-h incubation, 5% inoculum level, 15% glucose concentration | Rate of deproteination: 89%, rate of demineralization: 69% | Prameela et al. (2010) |
2. | Shrimp waste | Pseudomonas aeruginosa A2 | Temperature 60 °C and pH 8.0 DM 3 h hydrolysis at 40 °C | Rate of deproteination: 56% | Ghorbel-Bellaaj et al. (2011) |
3. | Shrimp waste | Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC 1058- | Medium-shrimp shell powder (5% w/v), peptone, yeast extract, meat extract, K2HPO4, Na-acetate, (NH4)2-citrate, | Rate of demineralization: 82% | Khorrami et al. (2011) |
4. | Shrimp waste | Lactobacillus plantarum 1058 | 5% of seed culture, fermentation at 30 °C, 180 rpm, 6 days | Rate of deproteination: 45%, rate of demineralization: 55% | Khorrami et al. (2012) |
5. | Crab waste | Lactobacillus sp. B2 | 1 (vv−1%) of Lactobacillus sp. B2 30 °C, 200 rpm, 120 h | Rate of deproteination: 56%, rate of demineralization: 88%, chitin purity 34% | Flores-Albino et al. (2012) |
6. | Shrimp waste | Bacillus licheniformis | 5% (w/v) glucose, initial pH 7, 5 days at 37 °C, 200 rpm. | Rate of demineralization: 55% | |
7. | Shrimp waste | B. cereus SV1 | 5% (w/v) glucose, initial pH 7, 5 days at 37 °C, 200 rpm. | 95% rate of deproteination | |
8. | Crab, shrimp, prawn, krill and lobster | Bacillus licheniformis NRS-1264, Bacillus subtilis B-59994 | pH 7, 40 ± 1 °C, 150 rpm | Rate of demineralization: 62.5% | Pachapur et al. (2016) |
9. | Shrimp waste | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 20% glucose, 20% inoculation and 6Â days fermentation | 82% demineralization, 92% deproteinization, chitin yield: 47% | Sedaghat et al. (2017) |