The antimicrobial effects and mechanism of ε-poly-lysine against Staphylococcus aureus

Tan, Zhilei; Shi, Yifei; Xing, Bei; Hou, Ying; Cui, Jiandong; Jia, Shiru

doi:10.1186/s40643-019-0246-8

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 1 Identification of intracellular metabolites of S. aureus

From: The antimicrobial effects and mechanism of ε-poly-lysine against Staphylococcus aureus

Class	No.	Metabolites	Metabolite abundance (relative to value of control groups)
			2 h			4 h
			250 μg/mL	500 μg/mL	750 μg/mL	250 μg/mL	500 μg/mL	750 μg/mL
Central carbon metabolism	2	Lactate	0.45 ± 0.02	0.79 ± 0.04	0.55 ± 0.03	0.64 ± 0.03	0.68 ± 0.03	0.42 ± 0.02
	15	Succinate	0.28 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.01	0.41 ± 0.02	0.20 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01
	18	Fumarate	0.49 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.03	0.24 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.03	0.61 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.02
	27	Glycerate-3P	0.91 ± 0.05	0.54 ± 0.03	0.53 ± 0.03	0.71 ± 0.04	0.59 ± 0.03	0.20 ± 0.01
	36	Glycerate-2P	0.84 ± 0.04	1.04 ± 0.05	0.56 ± 0.03	0.54 ± 0.03	0.75 ± 0.04	0.64 ± 0.03
	38	Citrate	2.47 ± 0.1	3.18 ± 0.16	6.56 ± 0.32	7.17 ± 0.36	16.41 ± 0.8	33.51 ± 1.67
	50	Glucose	0.90 ± 0.05	1.63 ± 0.08	1.47 ± 0.07	1.67 ± 0.08	1.86 ± 0.09	2.46 ± 0.12
Urea cycle	11	Urea	0.26 ± 0.01	0.28 ± 0.01	0.32 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.02	0.39 ± 0.02	0.36 ± 0.02
Urea cycle	37	Ornithine	0.08 ± 0.004	0.06 ± 0.003	0.04 ± 0.002	0.28 ± 0.02	0.10 ± 0.005	0.03 ± 0.001
Amino acids	4	Valine	1.84 ± 0.09	2.48 ± 0.12	1.20 ± 0.06	0.95 ± 0.05	1.65 ± 0.08	0.81 ± 0.04
	5	Alanine	1.68 ± 0.08	0.88 ± 0.04	0.55 ± 0.03	4.09 ± 0.2	1.56 ± 0.08	0.56 ± 0.03
	7	Leucine	2.36 ± 0.1	2.69 ± 0.13	1.28 ± 0.06	1.02 ± 0.05	1.71 ± 0.08	0.85 ± 0.04
	9	Proline	6.08 ± 0.3	7.83 ± 0.4	3.90 ± 0.2	4.29 ± 0.2	8.56 ± 0.042	4.73 ± 0.23
	12	Serine	0.54 ± 0.03	0.55 ± 0.03	0.46 ± 0.02	0.38 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.02	0.38 ± 0.02
	14	Isoleucine	1.84 ± 0.2	2.72 ± 0.14	2.57 ± 0.14	1.45 ± 0.07	1.45 ± 0.07	1.49 ± 0.07
	19	Threonine	0.81 ± 0.04	0.97 ± 0.05	0.93 ± 0.05	0.66 ± 0.03	0.73 ± 0.04	0.36 ± 0.02
	21	Aspartic acid	0.91 ± 0.05	0.63 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.01	0.48 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.01
	22	β-Alanine	0.41 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.02	0.27 ± 0.02
	28	Glutamic acid	0.50 ± 0.03	0.34 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.03	0.21 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01
	29	Phenylalanine	0.66 ± 0.03	0.58 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0.01	0.39 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.004
	42	Lysine	0.19 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.005	0.22 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.004	0.04 ± 0.004
	43	Tyrosine	0.34 ± 0.02	0.22 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.01	0.27 ± 0.02	0.09 ± 0.005	0.07 ± 0.004
	24	Glycyl-l-glutamic acid	0.30 ± 0.02	0.29 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.008	0.40 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.006	0.10 ± 0.005
	48	N-α-Acetyl-l-lysine	0.35 ± 0.02	0.29 ± 0.02	0.19 ± 0.01	0.47 ± 0.02	0.26 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01
Acid	31	Pyrophosphate	0.82 ± 0.04	0.83 ± 0.04	0.55 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.04	1.04 ± 0.05	0.59 ± 0.03
	1	N,N-Dimethylglycine	1.01 ± 0.05	1.19 ± 0.05	0.47 ± 0.02	0.69 ± 0.04	0.61 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.02
	3	Acetate	0.81 ± 0.04	0.51 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0.01	0.79 ± 0.04	0.47 ± 0.03	0.35 ± 0.02
	6	Ethanedioic acid	0.49 ± 0.03	0.53 ± 0.03	0.47 ± 0.03	1.46 ± 0.07	1.00 ± 0.05	0.85 ± 0.04
	8	2-Aminobutyric acid	0.75 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.003	1.18 ± 0.05	0.54 ± 0.03	0.14 ± 0.005
	10	Phosphoric acid	0.53 ± 0.03	0.41 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.01	0.53 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.02	0.24 ± 0.02
	16	Propanoic acid	0.35 ± 0.02	0.20 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.003	2.01 ± 0.1	1.14 ± 0.05	0.20 ± 0.01
	26	Pentanedioic acid	0.37 ± 0.02	0.22 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01
	34	Heptanedioic acid	0.32 ± 0.02	0.00	0.00	0.03 ± 0.001	0.00	0.00
	40	Pentadecanoic acid	1.13 ± 0.05	1.44 ± 0.07	1.50 ± 0.08	1.28 ± 0.06	1.48 ± 0.07	1.16 ± 0.05
	47	Heptadecanoic acid	1.47 ± 0.07	1.79 ± 0.09	1.79 ± 0.09	1.56 ± 0.08	1.83 ± 0.1	1.92 ± 0.1
Carbohydrate	32	Arabinose	0.36 ± 0.02	0.42 ± 0.03	1.45 ± 0.07	0.66 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.05	1.69 ± 0.08
	41	d-Mannose	0.41 ± 0.02	0.72 ± 0.03	0.78 ± 0.03	0.39 ± 0.02	0.38 ± 0.02	0.45 ± 0.02
	46	Pentofuranose	0.67 ± 0.03	0.95 ± 0.05	0.55 ± 0.03	0.95 ± 0.05	1.26 ± 0.06	1.02 ± 0.05
	49	d-Ribose	0.24 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.005	0.46 ± 0.02	0.26 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01
Alcohol	44	d-Sorbitol	0.72 ± 0.04	0.42 ± 0.03	0.54 ± 0.03	2.82 ± 0.14	0.73 ± 0.04	0.73 ± 0.04
Alcohol	45	d-Mannitol	0.61 ± 0.03	0.60 ± 0.03	0.55 ± 0.03	2.11 ± 0.1	0.57 ± 0.03	0.56 ± 0.03
Amine	20	Aminomethane	0.72 ± 0.04	0.56 ± 0.03	0.50 ± 0.03	0.72 ± 0.03	0.51 ± 0.03	0.54 ± 0.03
	30	Asparagine	0.69 ± 0.04	0.58 ± 0.03	0.26 ± 0.01	1.36 ± 0.15	1.18 ± 0.05	0.30 ± 0.02
	35	Glutamine	2.13 ± 0.1	3.71 ± 0.2	2.55 ± 0.13	0.76 ± 0.04	3.26 ± 0.2	2.64 ± 0.13
	53	d-Glucosamine	0.39 ± 0.02	0.39 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.01	0.52 ± 0.03	0.39 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.01
Other compounds	13	Phosphate	0.90 ± 0.1	0.68 ± 0.04	0.38 ± 0.02	0.80 ± 0.04	0.56 ± 0.03	0.51 ± 0.03
	17	Pyrimidine	0.31 ± 0.02	0.44 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.02	0.67 ± 0.04	0.35 ± 0.02	0.26 ± 0.01
	23	Aminoethanol	0.46 ± 0.02	0.57 ± 0.03	0.57 ± 0.03	0.51 ± 0.03	0.49 ± 0.02	0.49 ± 0.02
	25	N-Acetylmethionine	29.47 ± 1.47	25.36 ± 1.27	17.44 ± 1.0	21.95 ± 1.1	21.25 ± 1.1	20.77 ± 1.0
	33	Glycerophosphate	0.42 ± 0.02	0.55 ± 0.03	0.39 ± 0.02	0.53 ± 0.03	0.73 ± 0.04	0.40 ± 0.02
	39	Adenine	0.30 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.005	0.44 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.005
	51	2-Palmitoylglycero	1.02 ± 0.05	0.65 ± 0.04	0.70 ± 0.04	1.07 ± 0.05	1.26 ± 0.05	0.97 ± 0.05
	52	Uridine	0.49 ± 0.02	0.51 ± 0.03	0.35 ± 0.02	0.39 ± 0.02	0.50 ± 0.03	0.39 ± 0.02
	54	Adenosine	0.31 ± 0.02	0.25 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.004	0.42 ± 0.02	0.21 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.004

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