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Bioresources and Bioprocessing
Fig. 1 | Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Fig. 1

From: Production of biodiesel by enzymatic transesterification of non-edible Salvadora persica (Pilu) oil and crude coconut oil in a solvent-free system

Fig. 1

Effect of oil-to-ethanol molar ratio on biodiesel production. Salvadora and coconut biodiesel samples were analyzed through gas chromatography to determine the oil-to-ethanol molar ratio on biodiesel production. A similar yet declining trend in percent yield was observed in both cases as the molar ratio was increased. In case of Salvadora biodiesel, maximum yield of 72% was attained in 1:4 SPSO-to-ethanol ratio. The lowest yield (16%) was attained in 1:10 and 1:12 molar ratios. For coconut biodiesel, maximum yield (70%) was also obtained in 1:4 CCO-to-ethanol ratio. At 1:12 molar ratio, the lowest yield of 14% was recorded. Therefore, oil-to-ethanol molar ratio was a critical factor in biodiesel yield. The graph was plotted in Microsoft Excel version 365 Pro Plus. Experiments were performed in duplicate

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