Optimization of immobilized Lactobacillus pentosus cell fermentation for lactic acid production

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 5 ANOVA for LA productivity by immobilized L. pentosus ATCC 8041 cells

Source	Sum of squares	Degree of freedom	Mean square	F-value	p-value
Model	0.4522	14	0.0323	82.30	< 0.0001
Bead diameter (D_B)	0.0177	1	0.0177	45.12	< 0.0001
pH	0.0263	1	0.0263	67.06	< 0.0001
Initial glucose concentration (C_G)	0.1938	1	0.1938	493.80	< 0.0001
Biomass (B_W)	0.0012	1	0.0012	3.16	0.0972
D_B × pH	0.0000	1	0.0000	0.1248	0.7291
D_B × C_G	1.000 × 10⁻⁶	1	1.000 × 10⁻⁶	0.0025	0.9605
D_B × B_W	0.0136	1	0.0136	34.58	< 0.0001
pH × C_G	1.000 × 10⁻⁶	1	1.000 × 10⁻⁶	0.0025	0.9605
pH × B_W	0.0083	1	0.0083	21.10	0.0004
C_G × B_W	0.0564	1	0.0564	143.72	< 0.0001
\({D_{\text{B}}}^{2}\)	0.0075	1	0.0075	19.02	0.0007
pH²	0.1245	1	0.1245	317.26	< 0.0001
\({C_{\text{G}}}^{2}\)	0.0115	1	0.0115	29.40	< 0.0001
\({B_{\text{W}}}^{2}\)	0.0266	1	0.0266	67.80	< 0.0001
Residual	0.0055	14	0.0004
Lack of fit	0.0037	10	0.0004	0.8594*	0.6171
Pure error	0.0017	4	0.0004
Cor total	0.4577	28
Standard deviation	0.0198		R²	0.9880
Mean	1.97		Adjusted R²	0.9760
Coefficient of variation (C.V.%)	1.01		Predicted R²	0.9469
Press	0.0243		Adequate precision	34.5080