Towards a new biological control approach for Photorhabdus temperata bioinsecticide production through the bioconversion of Tunisian industrial wastewater

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 1 Physico-chemical characteristics of industrial wastewaters used for P. temperata bioinsecticide production

Characteristics	WS1	WS2	WS3	WS4	WS5
Physical characteristics
TS (g/L)	4.24 ± 0.05	3.18 ± 0.05	1.32 ± 0.58	7.2 ± 0.11	6 ± 0.19
VS (g/L)	1.54 ± 0.23	1.08 ± 0.07	0.83 ± 0.05	4.7 ± 0.22	1.19 ± 0.45
SS (g/L)	0.16 ± 0.002	0.4 ± 0.02	0 ± 0	0.4 ± 0.1	0 ± 0
VSS (g/L)	0.10 ± 0.009	0.084 ± 0.001	0 ± 0	0.4 ± 0.05	0 ± 0
pH	10.32	8	6.91	7.01	8.03
Chemical characteristics
TC (mg/L)	1220	195.4	1753	1892	144.6
TOC (mg/L)	1104	105.5	1747	1828	94.6
Nt (mg/L)	77	76.3	83.3	403.2	17.5
Metals (mg/L)
Pb²⁺	0.16	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05
Mn²⁺	< 0.04	< 0.04	< 0.04	< 0.04	< 0.04
Fe²⁺	0.23	< 0.06	0.1	0.34	0.07
Cu²⁺	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05
Zn²⁺	0.4	0.1	0.03	0.07	0.1
Cd²⁺	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005
Cr²⁺	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05
Ni²⁺	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Ca²⁺	135	52	175	66	120
Mg²⁺	7.6	4.6	2	4	14.4
Na⁺	165	158	35	15	298
K⁺	4	2	ND	4	10