Beer from Barley malt | Beer from Sorghum malt | Beer from Sorghum with A. oryzae Malt | |
---|---|---|---|
Specific gravity @ 20 °C | 1.016 ± 0.01B | 1.021 ± 0.01A | 1.019 ± 0.01AB |
pH | 4.08 ± 0.05A | 3.96 ± 0.22A | 4.00 ± 0.12A |
Apparent attenuation (%) | 72.76 ± 0.09A | 64.35 ± 0.01B | 68.05 ± 0.01B |
Real attenuation (%) | 60.09 ± 0.01A | 53.33 ± 0.12B | 55.66 ± 0.01AB |
Ethanol (%v/v) | 5.25 ± 0.07A | 4.68 ± 0.05B | 5.28 ± 0.02A |
FAN (mg/Lt) | 56.18 ± 3.45A | 59.72 ± 6.13A | 66.23 ± 3.64A |
Superior alcohols | |||
Propanol (ppm) | 13.78 ± 0.01A | 14.40 ± 2.02A | 16.31 ± 0.45A |
Isobutanol (ppm) | 13.14 ± 0.20A | 18.52 ± 8.77A | 15.21 ± 0.45A |
Isoamyl alcohol (ppm) | 85.55 ± 1.86A | 86.34 ± 9.10A | 99.16 ± 1.22A |
Volatile and ester compounds | |||
Acetaldehyde (ppm) | 3.13 ± 0.69A | 2.87 ± 0.52A | 1.92 ± 0.51A |
Ethyl acetate (ppm) | 13.24 ± 0.20A | 7.78 ± 1.70A | 14.84 ± 2.39A |
Isoamyl acetate (ppm) | 0.977 ± 0.001A | 0.648 ± 0.130A | 1.28 ± 0.25A |
Ethyl hexanoate (ppm) | 0.068 ± 0.001A | 0.046 ± 0.040B | 0.059 ± 0.010AB |
Sulfur compounds | |||
Hydrogen sulfide (ppb) | 26.77 ± 0.69A | 19.63 ± 1.88B | 3.61 ± 0.19C |
Methanethiol (ppb) | 3.13 ± 0.13A | 2.18 ± 0.45AB | 1.73 ± 0.01B |
Dimethylsulfide (ppb) | 43.09 ± 8.29A | 63.94 ± 10.93A | 62.44 ± 0.96A |
S-methyl acetate (ppb) | 24.87 ± 1.45A | 18.01 ± 5.04A | 16.17 ± 0.51A |
VDK compounds | |||
2,3 Butanedione (ppm) | 0.440 ± 0.050A | 0.041 ± 0.020B | 0.018 ± 0.010B |
2,3 Pentanedione (ppm) | 0.240 ± 0.020A | 0.033 ± 0.020B | 0.008 ± 0.010B |
Color | |||
Color (° EBC) | 6.36 ± 0.09A | 2.91 ± 0.29B | 3.37 ± 0.14B |