Table 2 Experimental data and data from Literature
S/N | Samples | VM (%) | Ash (%) | FC (%) | Temp (oC) | RT (Min) | MY (%) | EY (%) | HHV (MJ/kg) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Searsia lancea | 75.67 | 4.26 | 20.07 | 200 | 30 | 67.25 | 79.12 | 20.27 | Present study |
2. | 75.67 | 4.26 | 20.07 | 200 | 60 | 61.91 | 83.11 | 23.13 | ||
3. | 75.67 | 4.26 | 20.07 | 200 | 90 | 61.78 | 84.12 | 23.46 | ||
4. | 75.67 | 4.26 | 20.07 | 250 | 30 | 49.49 | 79.13 | 27.55 | ||
5. | 75.67 | 4.26 | 20.07 | 250 | 60 | 47.11 | 76.31 | 27.91 | ||
6. | 75.67 | 4.26 | 20.07 | 250 | 90 | 46.36 | 75.15 | 27.93 | ||
7. | 75.67 | 4.26 | 20.07 | 280 | 30 | 35.61 | 59.87 | 28.97 | ||
8. | 75.67 | 4.26 | 20.07 | 280 | 60 | 34.89 | 59.43 | 29.35 | ||
9. | 75.67 | 4.26 | 20.07 | 280 | 90 | 41.66 | 71.84 | 29.71 | ||
10. | Wanlip sewage sludge | 68.56 | 27.54 | 3.9 | 140 | 240 | 74.04 | 72.75 | 21.45 | (Danso-Boateng 2015) |
11. | 68.56 | 27.54 | 3.9 | 170 | 240 | 66.17 | 66.75 | 22.02 | ||
12. | 68.56 | 27.54 | 3.9 | 190 | 240 | 61.27 | 62.4 | 22.65 | ||
13. | 68.56 | 27.54 | 3.9 | 200 | 240 | 60.17 | 62.15 | 23.13 | ||
14. | Seaweed | 63.29 | 24.28 | 12.43 | 180 | 30 | 46.9 | 53.09 | 13.81 | (Patel 2019) |
15. | 63.29 | 24.28 | 12.43 | 180 | 60 | 45.65 | 58.97 | 15.76 | ||
16. | 63.29 | 24.28 | 12.43 | 180 | 120 | 45.3 | 61.75 | 16.63 | ||
17. | 63.29 | 24.28 | 12.43 | 200 | 30 | 45.95 | 61.73 | 16.39 | ||
18. | 63.29 | 24.28 | 12.43 | 200 | 60 | 41.8 | 60.23 | 17.58 | ||
19. | 63.29 | 24.28 | 12.43 | 200 | 120 | 39.7 | 58.96 | 18.12 | ||
20. | 63.29 | 24.28 | 12.43 | 220 | 30 | 36.1 | 53.11 | 17.55 | ||
21. | 63.29 | 24.28 | 12.43 | 220 | 60 | 34.65 | 53.51 | 18.27 | ||
22. | 63.29 | 24.28 | 12.43 | 220 | 120 | 30.5 | 49.65 | 18.93 | ||
23. | Coffee cherry parchment | 76.31 | 6.80 | 16.88 | 180 | 180 | 55 | 66 | 21.83 | (Silakova 2018) |
24. | 76.31 | 6.80 | 16.88 | 200 | 180 | 54 | 69 | 23.12 | ||
25. | 76.31 | 6.80 | 16.88 | 220 | 180 | 46 | 63 | 24.92 | ||
26. | 76.31 | 6.80 | 16.88 | 240 | 180 | 34 | 54 | 28.83 | ||
27. | Coffee wood | 82.70 | 1.83 | 15.47 | 180 | 180 | 68 | 75 | 21.93 | |
28. | 82.70 | 1.83 | 15.47 | 200 | 180 | 66 | 75 | 22.53 | ||
29. | 82.70 | 1.83 | 15.47 | 220 | 180 | 57 | 72 | 25.09 | ||
30. | 82.70 | 1.83 | 15.47 | 240 | 180 | 46 | 60 | 26.02 | ||
31. | Eucalyptus wood | 84.96 | 0.25 | 14.79 | 180 | 180 | 72 | 78 | 21.4 | |
32. | 84.96 | 0.25 | 14.79 | 200 | 180 | 60 | 74 | 24.07 | ||
33. | 84.96 | 0.25 | 14.79 | 220 | 180 | 57 | 72 | 24.77 | ||
34. | 84.96 | 0.25 | 14.79 | 240 | 180 | 52 | 66 | 24.97 | ||
35. | Bamboo | 83.51 | 1.16 | 15.32 | 180 | 180 | 62 | 70 | 22.29 | |
36. | 83.51 | 1.16 | 15.32 | 200 | 180 | 54 | 65 | 23.45 | ||
37. | 83.51 | 1.16 | 15.32 | 220 | 180 | 53 | 66 | 24.2 | ||
38. | 83.51 | 1.16 | 15.32 | 240 | 180 | 52 | 71 | 26.54 | ||
39. | Miscanthus | 87.5 | 0.8 | 11.7 | 190 | 5 | 83.5 | 91.17 | 20.2 | (Kambo and Dutta 2014) |
40. | 87.5 | 0.8 | 11.7 | 225 | 5 | 66.9 | 78.11 | 21.6 | ||
41. | 87.5 | 0.8 | 11.7 | 260 | 5 | 47.8 | 66.92 | 25.9 | ||
42. | Spruce | 85.18 | 0.68 | 14.14 | 175 | 30 | 81.96 | 86.09 | 21.91 | (Bach et al. 2016) |
43. | 85.18 | 0.68 | 14.14 | 200 | 10 | 77.63 | 82.48 | 22.16 | ||
44. | 85.18 | 0.68 | 14.14 | 200 | 30 | 73.61 | 80.98 | 22.95 | ||
45. | 85.18 | 0.68 | 14.14 | 200 | 60 | 69.54 | 76.98 | 23.09 | ||
46. | 85.18 | 0.68 | 14.14 | 225 | 30 | 67.63 | 76.75 | 23.67 | ||
47. | Birch | 89.74 | 0.64 | 9,63 | 175 | 30 | 78.54 | 80.44 | 20.03 | |
48. | 89.74 | 0.64 | 9.63 | 200 | 10 | 64.22 | 66.94 | 20.39 | ||
49. | 89.74 | 0.64 | 9.63 | 200 | 30 | 62.17 | 66.98 | 21.09 | ||
50. | 89.74 | 0.64 | 9.63 | 200 | 60 | 60.25 | 65.97 | 21.42 | ||
51. | 89.74 | 0.64 | 9.63 | 225 | 30 | 56.91 | 64.28 | 22.1 | ||
52. | Sewage Sludge | 34.3 | 11.1 | 54 | 200 | 30 | 97 | 100.8 | 29.8 | (Saba et al. 2017) |
53. | 34.3 | 11.1 | 54 | 230 | 30 | 99.2 | 101.8 | 29 | ||
54. | 34.3 | 11.1 | 54 | 260 | 30 | 96.1 | 101.5 | 28.1 | ||
55. | Miscanthus | 84.5 | 1.3 | 12.8 | 200 | 30 | 68.8 | 71 | 20.4 | |
56. | 84.5 | 1.3 | 12.8 | 230 | 30 | 57.2 | 71,2 | 24.6 | ||
57. | 84.5 | 1.3 | 12.8 | 260 | 30 | 46.2 | 67 | 28.6 | ||
58. | Empty Fruit Bunch | 77.91 | 4.55 | 17.54 | 220 | 240 | 56.6 | 72.7 | 27.43 | (Stemann et al. 2013) |
59. | 77.91 | 4.55 | 17.54 | 220 | 240 | 58.6 | 77 | 28.03 | ||
60. | Olive Mill Waste | 72 | 2 | 26 | 180 | 180 | 81.70 | 95.06 | 26.32 | (Gao et al. 2019) |
61. | 72 | 2 | 26 | 220 | 180 | 70.80 | 88.14 | 28.16 | ||
62. | 72 | 2 | 26 | 250 | 180 | 57.60 | 82.12 | 32.25 | ||
63. | Municipal Solid Waste | 76 | 5 | 20 | 220 | 120 | 63.90 | 82,46 | 28,35 | |
64. | 75.6 | 4.9 | 19.5 | 250 | 180 | 54.9 | 74,22 | 29,7 | ||
65. | Opuntia Ficus Indica | 66.8 | 12.9 | 20.3 | 220 | 180 | 37.1 | 52,03 | 19,45 | |
66. | 66.8 | 12.9 | 20.3 | 250 | 180 | 26.7 | 39,83 | 20,69 | ||
67. | Gwangju sewage sludge | 72.33 | 17.05 | 10.62 | 180 | 30 | 93.13 | 101,51 | 22,47 | (Lee et al. 2019) |
68. | 72.33 | 17.05 | 10.62 | 210 | 30 | 85.84 | 97,86 | 23,42 | ||
69. | 72.33 | 17.05 | 10.62 | 240 | 30 | 67.93 | 75,40 | 22,86 | ||
70. | 72.33 | 17.05 | 10.62 | 270 | 30 | 40.78 | 37,11 | 18,64 | ||
71. | Chlorella sp | 80.73 | 6.67 | 12.6 | 180 | 30 | 98.23 | 105,11 | 24,73 | |
72. | 80.73 | 6.67 | 12.6 | 210 | 30 | 97.03 | 112,55 | 26,68 | ||
73. | 80.73 | 6.67 | 12.6 | 240 | 30 | 81.3 | 93,50 | 26,55 | ||
74. | 80.73 | 6.67 | 12.6 | 270 | 30 | 60.59 | 67,86 | 25,82 | ||
75. | Mixture (sewage Sludge + Chlorella sp) | 74.55 | 14.32 | 11.13 | 180 | 30 | 93.97 | 102,43 | 23.07 | |
76. | 74.55 | 14.32 | 11.13 | 210 | 30 | 87.68 | 100.83 | 24.29 | ||
77. | 74.55 | 14.32 | 11.13 | 240 | 30 | 64.38 | 73.39 | 24.15 | ||
78. | 74.55 | 14.32 | 11.13 | 270 | 30 | 45.98 | 46.90 | 21.69 | ||
79. | Changsha sewage sludge | 47.49 | 49.85 | 2.66 | 180 | 30 | 66.18 | 65.15 | 10.8 | (Peng et al. 2016) |
80. | 47.49 | 49.85 | 2.66 | 220 | 30 | 60.58 | 55.61 | 10.07 | ||
81. | 47.49 | 49.85 | 2.66 | 260 | 30 | 56.23 | 60.43 | 11.79 | ||
82. | 47.49 | 49.85 | 2.66 | 300 | 30 | 53 | 54.26 | 11.23 | ||
83. | 47.49 | 49.85 | 2.66 | 260 | 60 | 58.51 | 64.32 | 12.06 | ||
84. | 47.49 | 49.85 | 2.66 | 260 | 90 | 59.37 | 61.59 | 11.38 | ||
85. | 47.49 | 49.85 | 2.66 | 260 | 360 | 63.32 | 56.57 | 9.8 | ||
86. | 47.49 | 49.85 | 2.66 | 260 | 480 | 66.19 | 65.53 | 10.86 | ||
87. | Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes | 70.62 | 15.15 | 14.23 | 180 | 30 | 66.05 | 80 | 16.8 | (Volpe et al. 2018) |
88. | 70.62 | 15.15 | 14.23 | 180 | 60 | 64.90 | 81 | 17.31 | ||
89. | 70.62 | 15.15 | 14.23 | 180 | 180 | 64.21 | 83 | 17.93 | ||
90. | 70.62 | 15.15 | 14.23 | 220 | 30 | 61.91 | 84 | 18.82 | ||
91. | 70.62 | 15.15 | 14.23 | 220 | 60 | 59.35 | 81 | 18.93 | ||
92. | 70.62 | 15.15 | 14.23 | 220 | 180 | 59.10 | 83 | 19.48 | ||
93. | 70.62 | 15.15 | 14.23 | 250 | 30 | 53.19 | 78 | 20.34 | ||
94. | 70.62 | 15.15 | 14.23 | 250 | 60 | 52.76 | 80 | 21.03 | ||
95. | 70.62 | 15.15 | 14.23 | 250 | 180 | 51.42 | 83 | 22.39 | ||
96. | Filamentous algae (H. reticulatum) | 77.16 | 13.25 | 9.59 | 150 | 60 | 72 | 85.68 | 18.29 | (Park et al. 2018) |
97. | 77.16 | 13.25 | 9.59 | 180 | 60 | 69 | 83.49 | 18.59 | ||
98. | 77.16 | 13.25 | 9.59 | 210 | 60 | 60 | 81.6 | 20.9 | ||
99. | 77.16 | 13.25 | 9.59 | 240 | 60 | 48 | 72.96 | 23.32 | ||
100. | 77.16 | 13.25 | 9.59 | 270 | 60 | 37 | 61.05 | 25.4 | ||
101. | microalgae (Chlorella Vulgaris) | 85.81 | 4.55 | 9.64 | 150 | 60 | 71 | 73.84 | 24.78 | |
102. | 85.81 | 4.55 | 9.64 | 180 | 60 | 66 | 75.24 | 27.12 | ||
103. | 85.81 | 4.55 | 9.64 | 210 | 60 | 66 | 82.5 | 29.82 | ||
104. | 85.81 | 4.55 | 9.64 | 240 | 60 | 59 | 80.24 | 32.48 | ||
105. | 85.81 | 4.55 | 9.64 | 270 | 60 | 50 | 72.5 | 34..53 | ||
106. | WWTP sewage sludge | 66.87 | 26.06 | 7,07 | 150 | 60 | 94 | 98.7 | 17.29 | |
107. | 66.87 | 26.06 | 7.07 | 180 | 60 | 91 | 96.46 | 17.48 | ||
108. | 66.87 | 26.06 | 7.07 | 210 | 60 | 88 | 97.68 | 18.3 | ||
109. | 66.87 | 26.06 | 7.07 | 240 | 60 | 67 | 69.68 | 17.16 | ||
110. | 66.87 | 26.06 | 7.07 | 270 | 60 | 51 | 51 | 16.41 | ||
111. | Swine manure | 55.3 | 36.1 | 8.6 | 200 | 60 | 67 | 76.22 | 12.4 | (Xiong et al. 2019) |
112. | 55.3 | 36.1 | 8.6 | 220 | 60 | 57.4 | 67.41 | 12.8 | ||
113. | 55.3 | 36.1 | 8.6 | 240 | 60 | 56.6 | 71.14 | 13.7 | ||
114. | 55.3 | 36.1 | 8.6 | 260 | 60 | 62 | 90.44 | 15.9 | ||
115. | 55.3 | 36.1 | 8.6 | 280 | 60 | 50.4 | 73.98 | 16 |