Fig. 2

Exemplary pretreatment process of green waste for fermentative utilization. Green waste is shredded (1) and pretreated using elevated temperature and pressure, removing hemicellulose and lignin (2). The resulting hydrolysate is washed (3) and detoxified, e.g., using activated carbon, to eliminate furan derivatives, acids, and phenolic compounds (4). The process is followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain monosaccharides (5), which are then used in microbial fermentations (6)