From: Material utilization of green waste: a review on potential valorization methods
Size reduction | Fractionation | Reduction of cellulose crystallinity | Dissolution of lignin | Dissolution/hydrolysis of hemicellulose | Dissolution/hydrolysis of cellulose | Delignification | Removal of aromatic compounds | References | |
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Physical | |||||||||
Milling, etc. | + | + | |||||||
Irradiation | + | Jusri et al. (2018) | |||||||
Chemical | |||||||||
Acidic pretreatment | + | + | + | Kucharska et al. (2018), | |||||
Alkaline pretreatment | + | ||||||||
Organic solvents | + | + | + | ||||||
Ionic liquids, DES | + | + | |||||||
Oxidation processes | + | + | + | ||||||
Physicochemical | |||||||||
Liquid Hot Water | + | ||||||||
Steam explosion | + | + | + | + | Kim (2018) | ||||
Supercritical water | + | ||||||||
AFEX | + | ||||||||
ARP | + | + | |||||||
Ultrasound | + | + | + | Bussemaker et al. (2013) | |||||
Biological | |||||||||
Wood-rot fungi | + | + | Akin et al. (1995), Dionisi et al. (2015), Kerem et al. (1992), Sun and Cheng, (2002) | ||||||
Enzymes | + | + | + | + | Bayer et al. (2004), Gutiérrez et al. (2012), Prawitwong et al. (2013), Rabemanolontsoa and Saka (2016) |