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Table 4 Orthogonal test design and results for the production of ethanol using CIBTS1522 under high ratio of raw corn starch to water (1:2.6)

From: Reducing glucoamylase usage for commercial-scale ethanol production from starch using glucoamylase expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Trial

A

Urea (g/100 g corn starch)

B

Acid protease (U/100 g corn starch)

C

Yeast inoculum (g/100 g corn starch)

D

Glucoamylase (U/100 g corn starch)

Ethanol content (%, v/v)

1

0.1

5

0.1

15

11.4

2

0.1

10

0.2

30

12.8

3

0.1

25

0.3

45

13.6

4

0.25

5

0.2

45

13.6

5

0.25

10

0.3

15

13.4

6

0.25

25

0.1

30

13.6

7

0.4

5

0.3

30

13.1

8

0.4

10

0.1

45

13.3

9

0.4

25

0.2

15

13.3

k1

12.600

12.700

12.767

12.700

 

k2

13.533

13.167

13.233

13.167

 

k3

13.233

13.500

13.367

13.500

 

R

0.933

0.800

0.600

0.800

 

Sum of squares of deviations

1.362

0.969

0.596

0.969

 

Order

A > B = D > C