Surface energetics to assess influence of biomass-type and biomass–adsorbent interactions in expanded beds

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 4 Zeta potential values for biomass, control adsorbents and polymeric beads

	Zeta potential mV
	Binding condition	Elution condition
Biomass
E. coli¹	− 29	− 23
B. subtilis²	− 40	− 24
S. cerevisiae³	− 20	− 11
CHO¹	− 18	− 11
Control
Sepharose Q	27	13
Sepharose DEAE	19	10
Sepharose SP	− 23	− 12
Sepharose phenyl	− 2	− 1
Polymeric material
Alginate	− 21	− 14
Agar	− 26	− 16
Cellulose	− 5	− 2
Sepharose 4B	− 2	0
Fastline agarose	− 7	− 3
Sephacryl S 400	− 1	− 1
Carrageenan	− 26	− 14
Dextran (PD 10)	0	1
Polyacrylamide	− 2	2
Polyvinylpyrrolidone	− 1	0
Phenolic beads	− 29	− 17
Supelite™ DAX-8	− 8	− 3
Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)	− 15	− 7
Poly(ethyl methacrylate)	− 27	− 15
Chitosan	2	1
Glass⁴	− 24	− 7
Stainless steel⁵	− 38	− 15
Polystyrene⁶	− 24	− 13
Toyopearl HW-65	− 7	0
Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)⁷	0	0
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)⁴	− 64	11
Silica⁷	− 26	− 16
Ceramic hydroxyapatite type 1	− 37	− 17
Ceramic hydroxyapatite type 2	− 50	− 19
Ceramic fluoroapatite type 1	− 46	− 18
Ceramic fluoroapatite type 2	− 46	− 20

Superscripted numbers on the colloids refers to the source of the data, ¹ is from (Kakarla 2015); ² is from (Li and Logan 2004); ³ is from (Vennapusa 2008b); ⁴ is from (Comelles, et al. 2010); ⁵ is from (Hedberg 2013); ⁶ is from (Carré 2007); ⁷ is from (Helms 2012). Rest are own measurements. The binding buffer is 20 mM phosphate buffer with 7.4. Elution condition is 20 mM phosphate buffer with 7.4 + 150 mM NaCl