Fig. 4

Regulation of genes involved in central carbon metabolism. This image shows central carbon metabolic pathways, including the Calvin cycle, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The red plus sign indicates upregulation, the blue minus sign indicates downregulation, and the black sign indicates no significant difference. The front and back positions indicate the differential expression at day 5 and day 15, respectively. The regions in red and blue indicate the upregulation and downregulation of the overall pathway, respectively. Abbreviations for metabolites were shown in black. PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; OAA, oxaloacetate; MAL, malate; Pyr, pyruvate; 3PG, 3-phosphoglycerate; 1,3-2PG, 3-phospho-glycerol phosphate; G-3-P, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; F-1,6-2P, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; F-6-P, fructose 6-phosphate; G-6-P, glucose 6-phosphate; G-1-P, glucose 1-phosphate; UDP-Glc, UDP-glucose; 2PG, 2-phospho-glycerate; CIT, citrate; iCIT, isocitrate; α-KG, 2-oxo-glutarate; Suc-CoA, succinyl-CoA; SUC, succinate; FUM, fumarate. Abbreviations for enzymes were shown in gray. PEPC, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; ME, malic enzyme (malate dehydrogenase); PGK, phosphoglycerate kinase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; FBA, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase; PBP, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; GPI, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; PGM2, phosphoglucomutase; UGP, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; TPS/TP, trehalose 6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase; TL, α,α-trehalase; HK, hexokinase; PFK, phosphofructokinase; PGM, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase; ENO, enolase; PK, pyruvate kinase; PDHC, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; PDC, pyruvate decarboxylase; ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; FUM, fumarate hydratase; GPD, glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase; PGL, 6-phosphogluconolactonase; PGD, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; RPE, ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase; RPI, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase; ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; MAT, malonyltransferase; KAS, β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase; KAR, β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase; HAD, β-hydroxyoctanoyl-ACP-dehydrase; EAR, enoyl-ACP reductase; LACS, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase; ACX, acyl-CoA oxidase. ACAT, acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase