Fig. 7

The voltage generated in the lab-scale anaerobic-MFC integrated domestic wastewater treatment system. Error bars indicate the standard deviation. The p values indicate the significant difference (p < 0.05) between the FAB–MFC (FAB+) and MFC. External load 1000 Ω. Shock means the point where the minimum voltage was observed during the transition to the next treatment phase. A circle with arrows indicates wastewater replacement and system shock