Table 4 Different immobilization techniques for cellulase nanoparticles and their characteristics
From: Current perspective on production and applications of microbial cellulases: a review
Immobilization approaches | Characteristics | References |
|---|---|---|
Styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer nanoparticles | Improved stability against pH changes | Wang et al. (2018) |
Phyto-silver nanoparticles synthesized using Oxalis stricta plant leaf extract | Effective on extracellular fungal amylase and cellulase | Singh et al. (2019) |
Chitosan–cellulase nanohybrid and immobilization on alginate beads | Hydrolysis of ionic liquid pretreated sugarcane bagasse | Saha et al. (2019) |
Multi-layered magnetic hollow particles | Rapid magnetic responsivity, high, bio-activity adsorption ability, and easily separated via magnet from a solution mixture | Raza et al. (2019) |
Magnetic gold mesoporous silica nanoparticles core shell | Improvement of enzymatic activity and thermal stability | Poorakbar et al. (2018) |
Reusable magnetic combi-CLEA cross-linked enzyme aggregate | Shows remarkable increase in the half-life of all three enzymes, bioethanol concentration increases to 1.82-fold as compared to free enzyme | Perwez et al. (2019) |
Co-immobilized magnetic nanobiocatalyst: simultaneous immobilization of Pectinex® and Celluclast® amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs): cross-linking by glutaraldehyde | Antioxidant extraction from waste fruit peels | Nadar and Rathod (2019) |
Cellulase 32 immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (cellulase@MNPs) | Biomass hydrolysis by immobilized cellulase with 425 sonications found more effective than without sonication | Ladole et al. (2017) |
Chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with APTES conjugated cellulase | Most effective for polyphenol release and the transformation of glycosidic to aglycosidic form of quercetin | Kumar et al. (2019) |
Fe3O4-NH2@4-arm-PEG-NH2, a novel magnetic four-arm polymer–nanoparticle composite | Showed wide pH and temperature ranges, high operational stability, and good storage stability | Han et al. (2018) |
Magnetic and silica nanoparticles | Improve catalytic efficiency of Trichoderma reesei cellulase for enhanced saccharification | Grewal et al. (2017) |
pH-responsive lignin-based magnetic nanoparticles | Cellulase recycling and application of industrial lignin and increase the extra value | Dong et al. (2019) |
Iron-tolerant Pseudomonas stutzeri biosynthesized magnetic nanoparticles | Photo-catalytically active and increased thermal stability | Desai and Pawar (2020) |
Amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles | An activity-tunable biocatalyst for extraction of lipids from microalgae | Chen et al. (2018b) |
Polymethacrylate particles (ICP) as the biocarrier grafted with ethylenediamine (EDA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) | for the hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose | Chan et al. (2019) |
Polyvinyl alcohol/Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles | Degrade microcrystalline cellulose | Liao et al. (2010) |
Fe3O4 NPs | Magnetically recoverable biocatalyst for the decomposition of corncob | Zhang et al. (2016) |
MnO2 NPs | Hydrolysis of agricultural waste for bioethanol production | Cherian et al. (2015) |
Covalent immobilization on a uniform, monodisperse polyurea microspheres | Improve catalytic activity and stability | Sui et al. (2019) |
MgO–Fe3O4 linked cellulase enzyme complex | Improves the hydrolysis of cellulose from Chlorella sp. CYB2 | Velmurugan and Incharoensakdi (2017) |
Fe3O4 nanoparticles with copper as ligand | Biocatalytic applications | Abbaszadeh and Hejazi (2019) |
Biobased magnetic hollow particles (BMHPs) with glutaraldehyde via Schiff base reaction to produce multi-layered magnetic hollow particles (MMHPs) | Pens up a new strategy to immobilize enzymes, and the created MMHPs constitute a promising platform for immobilizing enzymes and other bio-macromolecules | Raza et al. (2019) |
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC) and Cu2O nanoparticles | Nanocomposites exhibit photocatalytic activity to the Methyl Orange oxidation in the presence of H2O2 and air oxidation | Spiridonov et al. (2020) |
Bleached eucalyptus fibers as cellulose source and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4) | Exist a positive linear relationship between the magnetic properties and the loading degree of the fibers | Pineda et al. (2020) |
Cellulose–polyaniline–silver nanoparticles composites | To produce self-supported films constituted of polyaniline and silver nanoparticles | Oliveira et al. (2018a) |
Carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized cobalt nanoparticles (CMC-Co) catalyst | The effects of catalyst amount, a combination of the two pollutants in a solution, and repeatability tests were also performed and results were discussed | Kamal et al. (2019) |