Table 1 Rice straw recovery after pretreatment with alkali at different incubation temperatures and times
2% (w/v) NaOH | 2% (w/v) Ca(OH)2 | 20% aqueous ammonia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature (°C) | Time (h) | Rice straw recovery (%) | Temperature (°C) | Time (h) | Rice straw recovery (%) | Temperature (°C) | Time (h) | Rice straw recovery (%) |
30 | 1 | 84.4 ± 1.3 | 30 | 12 | 90.7 ± 1.5 | 50 | 5 | 85.8 ± 1.7 |
2.5 | 79.4 ± 1.5 | 24 | 89.4 ± 1.3 | 10 | 80.9 ± 1.4 | |||
5 | 73.5 ± 1.5 | 36 | 89.4 ± 1.1 | 15 | 79.9 ± 1.3 | |||
7.5 | 71.1 ± 1.4 | 48 | 88.0 ± 1.4 | 80 | 5 | 75.7 ± 1.2 | ||
10 | 70.2 ± 1.2 | 80 | 12 | 88.7 ± 1.5 | 10 | 72.5 ± 1.5 | ||
50 | 1 | 83.3 ± 1.4 | 24 | 86.9 ± 1.6 | 15 | 70.5 ± 1.0 | ||
2.5 | 71.6 ± 1.3 | 36 | 86.3 ± 1.2 |  |  |  | ||
5 | 67.4 ± 1.2 | 48 | 85.7 ± 1.1 |  |  |  | ||
7.5 | 64.4 ± 1.1 | 121 | 0.5 | 86.1 ± 1.7 |  |  |  | |
10 | 63.4 ± 1.4 | 1 | 84.6 ± 1.9 |  |  |  | ||
80 | 1 | 63.0 ± 1.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2 | 61.5 ± 1.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
3 | 60.1 ± 1.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
4 | 59.1 ± 1.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
5 | 59.0 ± 1.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |