Table 2 Production of 5-ALA via C4 pathway in Escherichia coli

BL21

hemA (R. palustris)

Addition of 45 mM glucose as an ALAD inhibitor in the late-log culture phase

Chung et al. (2005)

BL21 (DE3)

hemA (R. capsulatus)

Integrating pdxY for PLP regeneration and co-expressing ALAS with GroELS

Xue et al. (2021)

hemA (R. capsulatus) EcGroELS

Co-expression and delay substrate addition

Yu et al. (2020)

hemA (R. capsulatus)

coaA^M (R106A), dfp, coaD (E. coli)

ΔserA^Mp::J23119, ΔsucCD, ΔhemB(ATG)::GTG

Ding et al. (2017)

hemA (B. japonicum)

Fermenter with an addition of 30 mM glycine, 90 mM succinate and 30 mM levulinic acid

Choi et al. )1999)

hemA (R. sphaeroides), rhtA

Quantification of 5-ALA simultaneously by green fluorescence protein

Tan et al. (2020a, b)

hemA (R. sphaeroides), aceA (E. coli), agxt (Homo sapiens)

Glycine-OFF riboswitch for repression of hemB

Zhou et al. (2019)

BL21*(DE3) pLysS

hemA (B. japonicum)

Optimal glycine and succinic acid as 15 and 30 mM

Jung et al. (2004)

BW25113

hemA (R. palustris),

katGE, sodABC (E. coli)

Up-regulate catalase and superoxide dismutase to combat ROS

Zhu et al. (2019)

hemA (R. sphaeroides)

Repress hemB with CRISPRi and increase Suc-CoA by deleting ldhA, sdhA and iclR

Miscevic et al. (2020)

Rosetta(DE3)

hemA (A. radiobacter)

Short-term dissolved oxygen shock during aerobic fermentation

Yang et al. (2013)

hemA (R. capsulatus)

Optimum pH* and temperatures of enzyme at pH 7.5 and 37 °C

Lou et al. (2014)

hemA (A. radiobacter)

Fed-batch culture in 15-L

Fu et al. (2010)

hemA (R. sphaeroides)

Compare the activity of ALAS in Rosetta(DE3) and BL21(DE3)

Fu et al. (2007)

MG1655

hemA (R. palustris)

hemO (R. palustris)

Co-expression of ALAS isozyme HemO in 5-L bioreactor

Zhang et al. (2013)

hemA (R. sphaeroides)

6 g/L succinate, and 0.1 mM IPTG

Van der Werf et al. (1996)