Table 1 Synthesis of furfural from D-xylose or biomass by tin-based solid acids
From: Valorisation of corncob into furfuryl alcohol and furoic acid via chemoenzymatic cascade catalysis
Reactant | Catalyst | Reaction conditions | FAL yield (FAL Con.) | Reaction media | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bamboo shoot shell (BSS) | Sn–adamellite | 170 °C, 30 min | 57.5% (70.2 mM) | H2O, pH 1.0 | Yang et al. (2020) |
Alkali-treated dewaxed rice straw | Sn–sepiolite | 170 °C, 20 min | 42.2% (97.8 mM) | H2O, pH 1.0 | Xue et al. (2018) |
D-Xylose | SO42−/SnO2-argil | 180 °C, 20 min | 50.8% (107.6 mM) | H2O, oxalic acid (0.35 wt%) | He et al. (2017b) |
Corncob-derived D-xylose | SO42−/SnO2–kaoline | 170 °C, 30 min | 74.3% (67.3 mM) | H2O–toluene (1:2, v:v), OP-10 10 mM | Huang et al. (2019) |
Corncob | SO42−/SnO2-MMT | 180 °C, 10 min | 40.2% (77.8 mM) | H2O–HCOOH (1.0 wt%), Microwave (600 W) | Zhang et al. (2020c) |
Corncob | Sn-BTN | 170 °C, 30 min | 53.3% (103.4 mM) | MIBK-H2O (1:1), pH 1.0 | Peng et al. (2019) |
Corncob | Sn-GP | 170 °C, 30 min | 47.3% (83.2 mM) | H2O, maleic acid (0.5 wt%) | This study |