Fig. 1

Metabolic pathways for the conversion of various sugars in Zymomonas mobilis. These sugars can be further used to synthesize native (blue) or heterologous (purple) value-added compounds. ADH alcohol dehydrogenases, ALS acetolactate synthase, AlsS acetolactate synthase S, AldC acetolactate decarboxylase, AraA arabinose isomerase; AraB: ribulokinase, AraD ribulose-phosphate-4-epimerase, AraE arabinose-proton symporter, Bdh butanediol dehydrogenase; DMAPP dimethylallyl diphosphate, EDA 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase, ED Entner-Doudoroff, EDD 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase, ENO phosphopyruvate hydratase, F6P fructose-6-phosphate, FPP Farnesyl diphosphate; FRK: fructokinase, G6P glucose-6-phosphate, GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GLF glucose facilitator protein, GLK glucokinase; GPP geranyl diphosphate; IlvC ketol-acid reductoisomerase, IlvD dihydroxy-acid dehydratase, IPP isopentenyl diphosphate, KdcA alpha-ketoacid decarboxylase, KDPGA 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate aldolase, KivD alpha-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase, PDC pyruvate dehydrogenase, PGI phosphoglucose isomerase, PGL 6-phosphogluconolactonase, PGM phosphoglycerate mutase, PKG phosphoglycerate kinase, PYK pyruvate kinase, R5P ribose-5-phosphate; SacB extracellular levansucrase, SacC extracellular sucrase; TalA: transaldolase A, TalB transaldolase B, TktA transketolase A, TktB transketolase B, X5P xylose-5-phosphate, XR xylose reductase, XylA xylose isomerase; XylB xylulokinase, XylE low-affinity xylose transporter, ZWF glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The endogenous metabolism is presented in black color and the heterologous enzymes expressed into Z. mobilis for establishing new metabolic pathways to broaden its substrate range or production of the heterologous high-value products are indicated in red. Solid lines indicate a single step; dashed lines indicate multiple steps