Zymomonas mobilis as an emerging biotechnological chassis for the production of industrially relevant compounds

Braga, Adelaide; Gomes, Daniela; Rainha, João; Amorim, Cláudia; Cardoso, Beatriz B.; Gudiña, Eduardo J.; Silvério, Sara C.; Rodrigues, Joana L.; Rodrigues, Lígia R.

doi:10.1186/s40643-021-00483-2

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 1 Relevant compounds produced in Zymomonas mobilis (studies performed in the last 5 years), and its industrialization status

From: Zymomonas mobilis as an emerging biotechnological chassis for the production of industrially relevant compounds

Product	Strain^a	Substrate/precursor	Condition (pH, temperature)	Fermentation strategy^b	Titer (g L⁻¹)	Productivity (g L⁻¹ h⁻¹)	Reference	Industrialization status
Ethanol	TMY-FHPX	Xylose	pH 6 32 °C	Batch-VHG	136	2.3	(Wang et al. 2016)	DuPont implemented an industrial scale process for cellulosic bioethanol production from corn stover, currently licensed to China and Macedonia
	DSM 473	Glucose	pH 5.5 30 °C	Batch	50	0.40	(Palamae et al. 2020)
				2 cycle repeated batch	46	0.68
				3 cycle repeated batch	60	0.64
	ZMA7-2	Glucose	30 °C	Microplate	50	0.83	(Shui et al. 2015)
	ZMA7-3	Glucose	30 °C	Microplate	50	0.83	(Shui et al. 2015)
	ZMA7-2	Food waste	pH 4 30 °C	Bench scale	100	2.3	(Ma et al. 2016)
	ZMA7-2	Food waste	pH 4 30 °C	Flask scale	98	2.1	(Ma et al. 2016)
	ZMA-142	Glucose + sodium acetate	pH 5 30 °C	Bench scale	61	1.7	(Liu et al. 2017)
	ZMA-167	Glucose + sodium acetate	pH 5 30 °C	Bench scale	47	0.99	(Liu et al. 2017)
	ATCC 29501	Glucose	pH 5.5 35 °C	Batch-VHG	75	4.7	(Ajit et al. 2017)
	ATCC 29501	Glucose	pH 7 room temperature	PVA-immobilized cells VHG + VMD	127	6	(Zhang et al. 2017)
	8b	Lignocellulosic hydrolysates	pH 5.8 30 °C	VHG	35	1.8	(Li et al. 2019)
Levan	CCT 4494	Sucrose	pH 7 30 °C	Continuous fermentation with immobilized cells	113	6.3	(Lorenzetti et al. 2015)	Real Biotech Co started an industrial process
Levan	CCT 4494	Sucrose	pH 4 30 °C	Repeated batch with immobilized cells	21	0.88	(Santos and Cruz 2016)	Real Biotech Co started an industrial process
Levan (cont.)	CCT 4494	Sucrose	pH 7 40 °C	Repeated batch with immobilized cells	32	1.3	(Santos and Cruz 2017)
Levan (cont.)	PTCC 1718	Sucrose	28 °C	Flask scale	57	1.2	(Taran et al. 2019)
Sorbitol and Gluconic acid (GA)	ATCC 29501	Fructose + Glucose	pH 6.4 39 °C	Bench scale (200 mL)	66 (sorbitol) 70 (GA)	2.7 (sorbitol) 2.9 (GA)	(Folle et al. 2018)	Low Technology readiness levels (TRL) Weakness: simultaneous production of two products Solution: development of an efficient and cost-effective separation and purification process Strengths: produced at high titers
Sorbitol and Gluconic acid (GA)	ZM4 gnlΔ	Fructose + Glucose	pH 6 30 °C	BiotransformationFlask scale	65 (sorbitol) 67 (GA)	2.7 (sorbitol) 2.8 (GA)	(Alvin et al. 2017)
2,3-butanodiol	9C	Glucose + Xylose	pH 5.8 30 °C	Flask scale	15	0.31	(Yang et al. 2016b)	Low TRL Weakness: early stage of development Strengths: GRAS microorganism; reduced aeration requirement; limited by-product formation
	9C	Glucose	pH 5.8 30 °C	Flask scale	13	0.54	(Yang et al. 2016b)
	Zmo-BDOI	Glucose + Xylose	pH 5.8 30 °C	Fed-batch	120	0.13	(Zhang et al. 2019b)
Isobutanol	Zmo-IBA1	Glucose	pH 6 30 °C	Batch in STR with gas stripping	6	0.08	(Liu et al. 2020b)	Low TRL Weakness: early stage of development Strengths: GRAS microorganism; abundant pyruvate biosynthesis; limited by-product formation
Isobutanol	ZMQ3-A4	Glucose	30 °C	Flask scale	4	0.33	(Qiu et al. 2020)

^aTMY-FHPX: CP4 derivative strain that heterologous express xylose isomerase, xylulokinase, transaldolase, and transketolase and yfdZ/metB operon from E. coli, thioesterase from Acinetobacter baylyi, fatty acyl-CoA reductases from jojoba, and wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA–diacyl glycerol acyltransferase from A. baylyi; ZMA7-2 and ZMA7-3: mutated version of ZM4 by adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) with high tolerance to acetic acid; ZMA-142 and ZMA-167: mutated versions of ATCC31823 by ALE and chemical mutagenesis with high tolerance to acetate; 9C: 8b derivative strain with chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance genes cured; ZM4 gnlΔ: ZM4 derivative strain with gluconolactonase inactivated and chloramphenicol resistance genes cured; Zmo-BDOI: modified version of 9C strain. This strain was constructed by integration of the genes responsible for 2,3-butanediol biosynthetic pathway in a strain with the pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) gene deleted (Zmo-pdcI strain); Zmo-IBA1 modified version of 9C strain. The strain was constructed by integration of two plasmids holding the isobutanol biosynthetic genes in Zmo-pdcI strain, ZMQ3-A4 ZM4 derivative strain through integration of kdcA gene from Lactococcus lactis in Z. mobilis genome and expression of the isobutanol biosynthetic genes. ^bVHG very high gravity; PVA polyvinyl alcohol, VMD vacuum membrane distillation, STR stirred-tank reactor

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