Fig. 1
From: Toward improved terpenoids biosynthesis: strategies to enhance the capabilities of cell factories
The MVA pathway and MEP pathway for isoprenoids biosynthesis. The isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway can be grouped into the central carbon pathway, upstream isoprenoid pathway, and downstream isoprenoid pathway. PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; HMG-CoA, S-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; DXP, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate; MEP, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate; CDP-ME, 4-(cytidine 5ʹ-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol; CDP-ME2P, 2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5ʹ-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol; MEcPP, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate; HMBPP, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; GPP, geranyl pyrophosphate; NPP, neryl pyrophosphate; FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate; GGPP, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate; CCP, central carbon pathway; C5, hemiterpenoids; C10, monoterpenoids; C15, sesquiterpenoids; C20, diterpenoids; C30, triterpenoids; C40, tetraterpenoids