Biotechnological advances for improving natural pigment production: a state-of-the-art review

Lyu, Xiaomei; Lyu, Yan; Yu, Hongwei; Chen, WeiNing; Ye, Lidan; Yang, Ruijin

doi:10.1186/s40643-022-00497-4

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 3 Typical examples for metabolic engineering of plants and microorganisms for enhanced production of anthocyanins

From: Biotechnological advances for improving natural pigment production: a state-of-the-art review

Target compound	Hosts	Strategies	Substrate	Yield	Year	References
Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (P3G) Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G)	E. coli	Introduction of F3H, DFR, ANS and 3GT	Naringenin, eriodictyol	5.6 μg/L, 6.0 μg/L	2005	Yajun et al. (2005)
PEG and C3G	E. coli	Gene screening, enhancement of UDP-glucose supply, culture medium pH adjustment, protein fusion	Afzelechin, catechin	78.9 mg/L of P3G, 70.7 mg/L of C3G	2007	Yan et al. (2008)
C3G	E. coli	Improvement of catechin uptake and C3G secretion; increase of ANS and 3GT expression; enhanced intracellular availability of UDP-glucose; optimization of culture and induction conditions	Catechin	350 mg/L	2015	Lim et al. (2015)
P3G	E. coli	Polycultures; 15 exogenous enzymes from diverse sources were divided into four E. coli strains	Glucose	9.5 mg/L	2017	Jones et al. (2017)
C3G	E. coli	Promoter engineering for balancing ANS and 3GT expression	Catechin	439 mg/L	2019	Shrestha et al. (2019)
Pyranoanthocyanins	E. coli	Co-culture of 4-vinylphenol or 4-vinylcatechol producing E. coli strains with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside producer recombinant E. coli	Catechin	19.5 mg/L of pyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside-phenol, and 13 mg/L of pyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside-catechol	2019	Akdemir et al. (2019)
Total anthocyanin	Tomato	Expression of the Delila (Del) and Rosea1 (Ros1) genes from the snapdragon Antirrhinum majus	/	2.83 mg/g (fresh weight)	2008	Butelli et al. (2008)
C3G	Corynebacterium glutamicum	Expression optimization of ANS and 3GT, improved UDP-glucose availability, process optimization	Catechin	40 mg/L	2018	Zha et al. (2018)
P3G, C3G, and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (D3G)	S. cerevisiae	Gene screening, construction of the whole biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins from glucose	Glucose	1–2 mg/L	2018	Eichenberger et al. (2018)
P3G	S. cerevisiae	Gene screening, genomic integration, deletion of EXG1 and SPR1, abolishing formation of phloretic acid, cultivation optimization	Glucose	0.001 µmol/g DCW	2018	Levisson et al. (2018)

Back to article page