Table 3 Comparison of electroporation, glass bead vortexing and microparticle bombardment for Chlamydomonas chloroplast transformation
Transformation methods | Pre-treatment | Complexity | Transformation efficiency | Cost | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Electroporation | Cells premixed with sucrose solution | ++ | Unknown | ++ | Yakun et al. 2006 |
Glass bead | Removal of cell wall | + | 50 clones/μg DNA | + | Kindle et al. 1991 |
Bombardment | Precipitation of DNA onto microcarriers | +++ | 40–100 clones/μg DNA | +++ | Lee et al. 1998 |