Effect of explant type (leaf, stem) and 2,4-D concentration on callus induction: influence of elicitor type (biotic, abiotic), elicitor concentration and elicitation time on biomass growth rate and costunolide biosynthesis in gazania (Gazania rigens) cell suspension cultures

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 2 Effect of YE or MeJA concentration on cell growth parameters and costunolide accumulation

Treatments	Fresh weight (mg)	Dry weight (mg)	Costunolide (ppm)
YE (mg/L)
0	748.0 ± 1.5^a(A)	78.0 ± 0.6^a(A)	1.70 ± 0.15^d(E)
100	536.0 ± 5.0^c(D)	43.0 ± 1.5^bc(DE)	1.73 ± 0.01^d(E)
150	364.0 ± 3.1^d(F)	39.0 ± 1.7^c(EF)	2.56 ± 0.01^c(D)
200	730.7 ± 5.2^a(B)	47.0 ± 3.1^b(CD)	3.47 ± 0.01^a(B)
250	670.7 ± 10.3^b(C)	49.0 ± 3.5^b(C)	3.02 ± 0.01^b(C)
p values (one-way ANOVA) [YE concentration]	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***
MeJA (mg/L)
0	748.0 ± 0.6^a(A)	78.0 ± 0.6^a(A)	1.70 ± 0.2^d(E)
100	420.0 ± 1.5^b(E)	58.0 ± 0.6^b(B)	3.30 ± 0.6^b(B)
150	301.7 ± 0.9^c(G)	36.0 ± 0.0^c(F)	5.50 ± 0.6^a(A)
200	220.0 ± 3.6^d(H)	28.0 ± 0.6^d(G)	2.60 ± 0.2^c(D)
250	130.0 ± 0.0^e(I)	4.2 ± 0.2^e(H)	1.60 ± 0.6^d(E)
p values (one-way ANOVA) [MeJA concentration]	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***
Two-way ANOVA/general linear model
Elicitor type (A)	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***
Elicitor concentration (B)	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***
(A)*(B)	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***

Means (n = 30) ± standard error (S.E.) with the same letter in a column are not statistically significant different from each other according to the Duncan’s multiple range test at p ≤ 0.05. ***p ≤ 0.001. Superscript small letters—differences between five concentrations for each elicitor type (either YE or MeJA) separately (one-way ANOVA). Superscript capital letters in parenthesis—differences between samples from the combined effect of two elicitor types and five elicitor concentrations (two-way ANOVA)