An overview of torrefied bioresource briquettes: quality-influencing parameters, enhancement through torrefaction and applications

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 4 Effect of particle size and applied pressure on some physical and mechanical properties of briquettes produced from selected agricultural and forestry wastes

Feedstock	Particle size	Applied pressure (MPa)	Relaxed density (kg/m³)	Compressed density (kg/m³)	Durability index (%)	Compressive strength (MPa)
^aCorn cob	˂4.00 mm	200	1018.40	–	99.80	40.40
^aCorn cob	˂4.00 mm	150	949.30	–	63.20	30.50
^bGroundnut shell	600.00–850.00 μm	–	151.00	411.01	93.52	–
^cCoal-rice husk	–	20–45	1055.4–1663.50	–	61.87–138.50 cm	0.116–0.766
^aBean straw	˂4.00 mm	200	1153.20	–	99.80	99.60
^aBean straw	˂4.00 mm	150	1063.00	–	99.80	92.60
^dPine	6.00 mm	21	938.54	–	93.91	2.81
^dSpruce	6.00 mm	21	1078.39	–	97.87	9.69
^dLarch	6.00 mm	21	944.38	–	87.58	4.16
^eC. pentandra	< 1.00 mm)	50	716.00	–	–	44.58
^eT. scleroxylon	< 1.00 mm)	50	632.00	–	–	30.56
^eA. robusta	< 1.00 mm)	50	695.00	–	–	26.63
^eT. superba	< 1.00 mm)	50	727.00	–	–	18.92
^eP. Africana	< 1.00 mm)	50	741.00	–	–	21.14
^eC. mildbreadii	< 1.00 mm)	50	706.00	–	–	12.45