Feedstock | Torrefaction temperature, retention time and device | Raw Feedstock | Effect of torrefaction on the combustion indices of some raw feedstock | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FR | VI (MJ/kg) | CI (MJ/kg) | FR | VI (MJ/kg) | CI (MJ/kg) | ||
aCornhusk | 300 °C/60 min, electric furnace | 0.26 | 15.72 | 54.15 | 0.73 | 27.58 | 25.53 |
aSawdust | 300 °C/60 min, electric furnace | 0.25 | 15.77 | 60.47 | 0.82 | 28.80 | 24.97 |
aCassava peel | 300 °C/60 min, electric furnace | 0.28 | 16.02 | 46.47 | 0.86 | 30.17 | 17.68 |
bPalm kernel shell | 350 °C/30 min, electric furnace | 0.36 | – | 14.00 | 0.40 |  | 13.50 |
bBagasse | 350 °C/30 min, electric furnace | 0.21 | – | 22.00 | 0.40 |  | 13.00 |
bWaste wood | 350 °C/30 min, electric furnace | 0.20 | – | 27.00 | 0.49 |  | 11.00 |
cSugarcane bagasse | 350 °C/75 min, furnace | 0.22 | 12.55 ± 1.51 | 82.51 ± 7.80 | 1.68 ± 0.01 | 16.27 ± 0.07 | 16.04 ± 0.09 |