An overview of torrefied bioresource briquettes: quality-influencing parameters, enhancement through torrefaction and applications

Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Table 6 Effect of torrefaction on the proximate properties of agricultural feedstocks

Feedstock	Torrefaction temperature, retention time and device used	Proximate properties				Effect of torrefaction on the proximate properties of the feedstock
Feedstock	Torrefaction temperature, retention time and device used	VM%	MC%	FC%	AC%	VM%	MC%	FC%	AC%
^aSugarcane bagasse	300 °C/90 min, furnace	82.25	3.31	16.38	1.36	27.10	3.79	68.52	4.39
^bCoffee arabica	300 °C/180 min, electric oven	78.07	–	19.37	2.56	65.53	–	31.12	3.35
^bEucalyptus spp^.	300 °C/180 min, electric oven	86.75	–	12.93	0.32	76.07	–	23.45	0.48
^cCassava peel	260 °C/20 min, programmable muffle furnace	67.30	9.00	12.00	3.50	60.80	1.00	29.90	3.90
^cCoconut shell	260 °C/20 min, programmable muffle furnace	71.80	11.50	20.50	0.70	71.80	1.50	34.90	1.40
^dPhyllostachys aurea	220 °C/60 min, Macro Thermogravimetric reactor	83.70	10.99	15.28	1.01	81.64	2.73	17.35	1.02
^eCornhusk	300/60 min, furnace	70.50	8.50	18.25	3.75	50.50	8.30	36.70	4.50
^eSawdust	250/60 min, furnace	72.60	8.90	17.85	1.65	61.00	8.80	28.70	2.50
^fLogging residue	350/30 min, electric furnace	69.39	10.12	19.74	0.75	63.62	2.73	27.20	6.45