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Table 1 Effect of ultrasonic-homogenizer treatment on particle size, crystallinity, and thermal properties of GAP waste

From: Extraction and surface modification of cellulose fibers and its reinforcement in starch-based film for packaging composites

Run

Variables

Responses

Temperature (°C)

Ultrasonic power (%)

Time (hour)

Particle size (nm)

Crystallinity (%)

Temperature decomposition (°C)

1

60

60

1.5

644.04

66.72

343.64

2

90

60

1.5

624.84

56.88

346.45

3

60

80

1.5

632.07

67.29

349.37

4

90

80

1.5

615.18

64.64

352.19

5

60

70

1.0

688.65

68.19

352.22

6

90

70

1.0

563.97

62.73

355.89

7

60

70

2.0

489.88

55.48

353.63

8

90

70

2.0

549.3

56.5

355.11

9

75

60

1.0

568.47

65.32

356.54

10

75

80

1.0

688.82

67.03

356.54

11

75

60

2.0

585.63

63.41

356.50

12

75

80

2.0

624.65

63.91

350.76

13

75

70

1.5

501.91

71.10

355.09

14

75

70

1.5

560.99

70.27

354.39

15

75

70

1.5

568.98

73.02

355.86

16

75

70

1.5

448.27

71.08

354.97

17

75

70

1.5

501.83

72.09

355.62