Table 1 Fermentation strategy of microbial manufacturing
From: Current advances for omics-guided process optimization of microbial manufacturing
Product group | Product | Strain | Carbon source | Nitrogen source | Temperature ( ℃) | DO | pH | Feedingstrategy | Fermentation mode | Biomass | Titer | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Terpene compound | α-humulene | Oleaginous yeast Candida | Glucose | Peptone | 30 | > 20% | 5.5 | When the concentration of glucose fell below 5 g/L for the first time, high sugar solution was added | Fed-batch, two-phase fermentation | OD600: 470 | 4.115 g/L | Zhang et al. (2022d) |
α-santalene | Escherichia coli | Glucose, glycerol | Tryptone | 37 | - | 7.0 | Constant rate (80 mL/h) with glycerol mixture | Fed-batch, two-phase fermentation | OD600:250 | 2.916 g/L | Zhang et al. (2022c) | |
β-amyrin | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Glucose, ethanol | Peptone | 30 | > 40% | 5.5 | Three-stage feeding controlled by glucose and ethanol | Fed-batch | OD600:334 | 2.6 g/L | Du et al. (2022a) | |
α-farnesene | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Glucose | Peptone | 30 | – | 5.5 | When the initial carbon source was exhausted, glucose was fed to keep its concentration below 1.0 g/L | Fed-batch, two-phase fermentation | OD600:400 | 10.4 g/L | Wang et al. (2021) | |
( +)-valencene | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Glucose, sucrose | (NH4)2SO4 | 30 | > 20% | 5.0 | - | Fed-batch, two-phase fermentation | DCW:105 g/L | 16.6 g/L | Ye et al. (2022) | |
(−)-eremophilene | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Glucose, ethanol | (NH4)2SO4 | 30 | 10–30% | 5.0 | Two-stage feeding controlled by glucose and ethanol | Fed-batch, two-phase fermentation | OD600:425 | 34.6 g/L | Deng et al. (2022) | |
Amorpha-4,11-diene | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Glucose, ethanol | (NH4)2SO4 | 30 | 40% | 5.0 | Ethanol pulse feeding (10 g/L) | Fed-batch | OD600:195 | 4 g/L | Westfall et al. (2012) | |
Artemisinin | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Glucose, ethanol | (NH4)2SO4 | 30 | 40% | 5.0 | Ethanol pulse feeding (10 g/L) | Fed-batch, two-phase fermentation | – | 25 g/L | Paddon et al. (2013) | |
Geranylgeraniol | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Glucose, ethanol | (NH4)2SO4,corn steep liquor | 33 | – | 5.5 | Glucose, glucose/ethanol mixed feed (5.8 g/h) | Fed-batch | – | 3.31 g/L | Tokuhiro et al. (2009) | |
Geraniol | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Glucose, ethanol | Peptone | 30 | > 30% | 5.7 | Adding glucose or ethanol, glucose and ethanol concentrations were lower than 1 g/L and 5 g/L, respectively | Fed-batch, two-phase fermentation | OD600:85 | 1.68 g/L | Jiang et al. (2017) | |
Geraniol | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Glucose, ethanol | (NH4)2SO4 | 30 | > 30% | 5.0 | Constant flow rate of 0.1 L/h plus 400 g/L ethanol | Fed-batch, two-phase fermentation | OD600:55 | 1.69 g/L | Zhao et al. 2017) | |
Limonene | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Glucose, ethanol | Peptone | 30 | - | - | Adding a certain amount of ethanol at 20 and 40 h | Fed-Batch Shake Flasks | OD600:33 | 0.918 g/L | Cheng et al. (2019) | |
Organic acids | Succinic acid | Escherichia coli | Glucose, galactose | Tryptone | 37 | - | 7.0 | - | Fed-batch, two-stage fermentation controlled by DO | DCW:2 g/L | 22.4 g/L | Olajuyin et al. (2016) |
L-valine | Escherichia coli | Glucose | (NH4)2SO4 | 37 | > 20% | 7.0 | Adding glucose solution at a constant rate to keep the concentration of residual sugar lower than 5 g/L | Fed-batch, two-stage aerobic and oxygen limitation fermentation | OD600:75 | 84 g/L | Hao et al. (2020) | |
Citric acid | Yarrowia lipolytica | Glucose | (NH4)2SO4 | 30 | 50% | 6.0 | Glucose pulse feeding regulated by dissolved oxygen | Fed-batch, nutritionally limited fermentation | DCW:15 g/L | 80–85 g/L | Kamzolova and Morgunov (2017) | |
Pyruvic acid | Candida glabrata | Glucose | spent yeast cell dry powder | 30 | – | 5.5 | - | Batch | DCW:17.7 g/L | 65.1 g/L | Lu et al. (2022) | |
Biobased chemicals | 1,3‐Propanediol | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Glucose | NH4Cl | 30 | – | 7.0 | Intermittent addition of 500 g/L glucose solution with a concentration of 50 to 150 mM | Fed-batch | OD600:20 | 62 g/L | Lama et al. (2020) |
Polyhydroxybutyrates | Bacillus megaterium | Glucose | (NH4)2SO4 | 37 | – | 7.0 | – | Batch | DCW:10.52 g/L | 5.61 g/L | Mohanrasu et al. (2020) | |
Hyaluronan | Streptococcus zooepidemicus | Glucose | Tryptone | 37 | – | 7.0 | – | Fed-batch, two-stage fermentation with pH and temperature control | – | 4.75 g/L | Liu et al. (2018a) | |
Fusaricidins | Paenibacillus kribbensis CU01 | Glucose | NH4Cl | 30 | – | 6.8 | The process of continuous cultivation at a constant rate of 2.5 ml/min using a feed of fresh modified M9 medium | Continuous Fermentation | – | 0.579 g/L | Ryu et al. (2020) | |
Lipid | Yarrowia lipolytica SKY7 | Glycerol | Tryptone | 28 | 25–40% | 6.5 | When glycerol concentration reached below 5 g/L, a glycerol feed was added so that the glycerol concentration was 20–25 g/L | Fed-batch | DCW:51.67 g/L | 19.47 g/L | Kumar et al. (2021) | |
Recombinant antibody | Escherichia coli | Glucose | NH4Cl | 30 | 30% | 6.8 | Constant flow rate of 0.1 g/L/h plus ethanol | Fed-batch, oxygen limitation fermentation | OD600:73 | 2.056 g/L | Biermann et al. (2013) |