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Bioresources and Bioprocessing
Fig. 3 | Bioresources and Bioprocessing

Fig. 3

From: Combined 13C-assisted metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis reveals the impacts of glutamate on the central metabolism of high β-galactosidase-producing Pichia pastoris

Fig. 3

Regeneration fluxes of energy and redox cofactors on Glc/Glu and on Glc. a NADPH regeneration flux. Gray bar by oxidative PPP oxidative branches; Hatched bar by AADH pathway. b NADH regeneration flux. Gray bar by TCA pathway; Hatched bar by EMP cycle. c Total ATP regeneration flux. Gray bar by oxidative phosphorylation (the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation is 1.48 mol ATP/mol O); Hatched bar by substrate level phosphorylation

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