Fig. 3

Oxygen-limited fermentation characteristics of strains in xylose and a glucose-xylose mixture in shake flasks. The experiments were performed in triplicate in YP (10 g L⁻¹ yeast extract and 20 g L⁻¹ peptone) with xylose (left) or a glucose-xylose mixture (right). Cells with 0.5 g DCW L⁻¹ initial biomass were cultured at 30 °C in a shake flask with a rubber stopper and agitation at 200 rpm. Strains (Fig. 1b; Table 1): XH7 (a, b); XHR11 (c, d); LF1 (e, f). Symbols: filled square glucose; filled diamond xylose; filled triangle xylitol; filled circle ethanol; open circle glycerol; filled star acetic acid; dash biomass (DCW dry cell weight). g The specific xylose consumption rate of each strain. In xylose (blank columns), the rate was calculated based on the interval from the start to either xylose depletion (a, e) or the end of fermentation (c). In mixed sugars (shaded columns), the rate was calculated based on the interval from the glucose-depleted node (dot line) either to xylose depletion (f) or to the end of fermentation (b, d)