Table 6 Biobased sorbents for vapor phase drying of ethanol, butanol, and other alcohols
From: Agricultural byproducts-based biosorbents for purification of bioalcohols: a review
Adsorbent-adsorbate | Adsorbent surface area (m2/g) | Reaction conditions/system | Water adsorption capacity | Separation factor | Initial and final alcohol concentration (%) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bleached wood pulp/ethanol | NA | Vapor phase | 0.386 g/g |  | 90–97 to 99.5 | Benson and George (2005) |
Oak sawdust/ethanol | NA | Vapor phase | 0.285 g/g | – | 90–97 to 99.5 | Benson and George (2005) |
Kenaf core/ethanol | NA | Vapor phase | 0.200 g/g | – | 90–97 to 99.5 | Benson and George (2005) |
ZSG-1 (startch based)/ethanol | NA | Vapor phase; 81–89 °C | 0.20–0.23 g/g |  | 90 to 99.7 | Wang et al. (2010) |
Cassava/ethanol | NA | Vapor phase, 60Â g adsorbent for 500Â ml alcohol vapor | 0.053Â g/g | Â | 80 to 98.1 | Rattanaphanee et al. (2013) |
Wheat flour/ethanol | NA | Vapor phase; 50–90 °C |  | ~ 500 | – | Vareli et al. (2000) |
Wheat straw/ethanol | NA | Vapor phase; 50–90 °C |  | ~ 650 |  | Vareli et al. (2000) |
Corn starch/ethanol | 0.82–0.98 m2/g | Vapor phase; 90 °C | 0.098–0.19 g/g |  | 92 to 95–99 | Qintero and Cardona (2009) |
Upright elephant ear/ethanol | 2.17–2.87 m2/g | Vapor phase; 90 °C | 0.04–0.06 g/g |  | 92 to 98.72 | Qintero and Cardona (2009) |
Cassava/ethanol | 0.50–0.66 m2/g | Vapor phase; 90 °C | 0.06–0.08 g/g |  | 92 to 97.4–99.4 | Qintero and Cardona (2009) |
Canola meal/ethanol | NA | Vapor phase; 85 °C, 216 kPa; 0.43–1.18 mm | 0.013–0.025 g/g | 1.6–1.8 | 75–92 to > 99 | Baylak et al. (2012) |
Corn meal/ethanol | 153.55 m2/g | Vapor phase; 82–100 °C | 0.0135–0.20 g/g | 8.88–33.85 |  | Chang et al. (2006) |
Corn meal/ethanol | NA | Vapor phase; 82–100 °C | 0.01–0.068 g/g | 8.88–22.79 | 85 to 93.8 | Chang et al. (2006) |
Corn meal/ethanol | NA | Vapor phase; 87 °C and particle size of 60–100 mesh | 0.014–0.025 g/g |  | 95 to 99.5 | (Hu and Xie 2001) |
Palm stone/ethanol | 350–400 m2/g | Vapor phase | 0.125 g/g |  |  | Al-Asheh et al. (2004) |
Canola meal/ethanol | NA | Vapor phase; 90–110 °C and 136–243 kPa. | 0.01–0.08 | 2.37–2.78 | 80–95 to > 99% | Ranjbar et al. (2013) |
Canola meal/butanol | NA | Vapor phase; 95–111 °C; 135–201 kPa; flow rate 1.5–3 ml/min | 0.02–0.64 g/g | 0.40–3.22 | ~ 55 to > 99 | Jayaprakash et al. (2017) |
ZSG-1 (startch based)/isopropanol | 127 m2/g | Vapor phase; 88–92 °C |  | 545 | 90–98 to pure | Wu et al. (2015) |
Cassava/isopropanol | NA | Vapor phase, 60 g adsorbent for 500 ml alcohol vapor | 0.119 g/g |  | 80–98.1 | Rattanaphanee et al. (2013) |
Cassava/n-propanol | NA | Vapor phase, 60Â g adsorbent for 500Â ml alcohol vapor | 0.109Â g/g | Â | 65 to 86.2 | Rattanaphanee et al. (2013) |