Table 3 Methods of conversion of chitin to chitosan
From: Seafood waste: a source for preparation of commercially employable chitin/chitosan materials
S. no | Method | Type of conditions | Deacetylation degree (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Chemical | 12.5 M NaOH (140 °C for 4 h) |  | Hajji et al. (2014) |
2. | Chemical | Soaking in 18 M NaOH (24 h), Heating (90 °C for 7 h) | 94.9 | Ma et al. (2015) |
3. | Chemical and microwave irradiation | 50% NaOH, 8Â min irradiation at 350Â W | 82.7 | Knidri et al. (2016) |
4. | Ultrasound-assisted chemical method | 40% NaOH, alternate irradiation (45Â min) and non-irradiation (30Â min) periods | 77.9 | Birolli et al. (2016) |
5. | Ultrasound-assisted chemical method | Ultrasound-assisted deacetylation chitin in 40% NaOH (50 min, 60 °C) | 95 | Fiamingo et al. (2016) |
6. | Chemical | Soaking chitin in 50% NaOH and autoclaved | 88 | Sedaghat et al. (2017) |
7. | Chemical | 50% NaOH (90 °C, 30 h) | 74 | Yong et al. (2018) |